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This work introduces a compact framework for analyzing asynchronous entanglement distribution protocols under realistic error models. We focus on two contemporary protocols: sequential, where entanglement is established one node at a time,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-13 Emma Hughes , William Munizzi , Prineha Narang

The distribution of entangled states across the nodes of a future quantum internet will unlock fundamentally new technologies. Here we report on the experimental realization of a three-node entanglement-based quantum network. We combine…

A typical structure of an auto-compensation system for quantum key distribution is given. The principle of operation of a fiber-optic system for the distribution of quantum keys with phase coding of photon states is described. The operation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-25 A. P. Pljonkin

Distributing quantum state and entanglement between distant nodes is a crucial task in distributed quantum information processing on large-scale quantum networks. Quantum network coding provides an alternative solution for quantum state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-05 He Lu , Zheng-Da Li , Xu-Fei Yin , Rui Zhang , Xiao-Xu Fang , Li Li , Nai-Le Liu , Feihu Xu , Yu-Ao Chen , Jian-Wei Pan

Large-scale quantum networks, necessary for distributed quantum information processing, are posited to have quantum entangled systems between distant network nodes. The extent and quality of distributed entanglement in a quantum network,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-08 Md Sohel Mondal , Dov Fields , Vladimir S. Malinovsky , Siddhartha Santra

Entanglement swapping at telecom wavelengths is at the heart of quantum networking in optical fiber infrastructures. Although entanglement swapping has been demonstrated experimentally so far using various types of entangled photon sources…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-04-02 Rui-Bo Jin , Masahiro Takeoka , Utako Takagi , Ryosuke Shimizu , Masahide Sasaki

High-precision time transfer is of fundamental interest in physics and metrology. Quantum time transfer technologies that use frequency-entangled pulses and their coincidence detection have been proposed, offering potential enhancements in…

Nonlocal entanglement generation among multiple remote quantum nodes provides a critical foundation for a variety of counterintuitive quantum applications. The exponential loss of photons transmitting over optical fibers sets an upper limit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-06 Wenbo Zhang , Jing Zheng , Yimin Wang , Tao Li

Quantum networks are composed of nodes which can send and receive quantum states by exchanging photons. Their goal is to facilitate quantum communication between any nodes, something which can be used to send secret messages in a secure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Antonio Acin , J. Ignacio Cirac , Maciej Lewenstein

Quantum networking relies on entanglement distribution between distant nodes, typically realized by swapping procedures. However, entanglement swapping is a demanding task in practice, mainly because of limited effectiveness of entangled…

Quantum networks play a crucial role for distributed quantum information processing, enabling the establishment of entanglement and quantum communication among distant nodes. Fundamentally, networks with independent sources allow for new…

The use of multiplexed atomic quantum memories (MAQM) can significantly enhance the efficiency to establish entanglement in a quantum network. In the previous experiments, individual elements of a quantum network, such as the generation,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-01 Chang Li , Nan Jiang , Yukai Wu , Wei Chang , Yunfei Pu , Sheng Zhang , Luming Duan

Quantum communication implementations require efficient and reliable quantum channels. Optical fibers have proven to be an ideal candidate for distributing quantum states. Thus, today's efforts address overcoming issues towards high data…

Well defined quantum key distribution between two users requires both calibration to ensure quantum effects and synchronization to stabilize the bit parity of the results. Here we present two quantum effects regarding two entangled photons…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-06-04 Billy E. Geerhart , Venkat R. Dasari

Trapped ions constitute a promising platform for implementation of a quantum network. Recently, a dual-type qubit scheme has been realized in a quantum network node where the communication qubits and the memory qubits are encoded in…

Future quantum internet applications will derive their power from the ability to share quantum information across the network. Quantum teleportation allows for the reliable transfer of quantum information between distant nodes, even in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-15 S. L. N. Hermans , M. Pompili , H. K. C. Beukers , S. Baier , J. Borregaard , R. Hanson

The practical roll-out of quantum communication technologies in optical networks and the adoption of novel quantum applications demand the distribution of single or entangled photons. Flexibility and dynamicity are paramount for the…

Timing requirements for long-range quantum networking are driven by the necessity of synchronizing the arrival of photons, from independent sources, for Bell-state measurements. Thus, characteristics such as repetition rate and pulse…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-03 Randy Lafler , R. Nicholas Lanning

Entanglement, a fundamental feature of quantum mechanics, has long been recognized as a valuable resource in enabling secure communications and surpassing classical limits. However, previous research has primarily concentrated on static…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-09 Junjing Xing , Tianfeng Feng , Zhaobing Fan , Haitao Ma , Kishor Bharti , Dax Enshan Koh , Yunlong Xiao

To deploy and operate a quantum network which utilizes existing telecommunications infrastructure, it is necessary to be able to route entangled photons at high speeds, with minimal loss and signal-band noise, and---most…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-19 Matthew A. Hall , Joseph B. Altepeter , Prem Kumar