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An ongoing challenge in neural information processing is: how do neurons adjust their connectivity to improve task performance over time (i.e., actualize learning)? It is widely believed that there is a consistent, synaptic-level learning…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Aman Bhargava , Mohammad R. Rezaei , Milad Lankarany

Continuous-time reinforcement learning (CTRL) provides a principled framework for sequential decision-making in environments where interactions evolve continuously over time. Despite its empirical success, the theoretical understanding of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Runze Zhao , Yue Yu , Adams Yiyue Zhu , Chen Yang , Dongruo Zhou

Predictive learning ideally builds the world model of physical processes in one or more given environments. Typical setups assume that we can collect data from all environments at all times. In practice, however, different prediction tasks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-13 Geng Chen , Wendong Zhang , Han Lu , Siyu Gao , Yunbo Wang , Mingsheng Long , Xiaokang Yang

The goal of Continual Learning (CL) task is to continuously learn multiple new tasks sequentially while achieving a balance between the plasticity and stability of new and old knowledge. This paper analyzes that this insufficiency arises…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Hanxi Xiao , Fan Lyu

Continual reinforcement learning aims to sequentially learn a variety of tasks, retaining the ability to perform previously encountered tasks while simultaneously developing new policies for novel tasks. However, current continual RL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Shiqi Liu , Mengdi Xu , Piede Huang , Yongkang Liu , Kentaro Oguchi , Ding Zhao

To design effective digital interventions, experimenters face the challenge of learning decision policies that balance multiple objectives using offline data. Often, they aim to develop policies that maximize goal outcomes, while ensuring…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-24 Brian Cho , Ana-Roxana Pop , Ariel Evnine , Nathan Kallus

We introduce Consistent Assignment for Representation Learning (CARL), an unsupervised learning method to learn visual representations by combining ideas from self-supervised contrastive learning and deep clustering. By viewing contrastive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Thalles Silva , Adín Ramírez Rivera

Constrained Reinforcement Learning (CRL) tackles sequential decision-making problems where agents are required to achieve goals by maximizing the expected return while meeting domain-specific constraints, which are often formulated as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Alessandro Montenegro , Marco Mussi , Matteo Papini , Alberto Maria Metelli

Reinforcement learning often requires extensive training data. Simulation-to-real transfer offers a promising approach to address this challenge in robotics. While differentiable simulators offer improved sample efficiency through exact…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Severin Bochem , Eduardo Gonzalez-Sanchez , Yves Bicker , Gabriele Fadini

Training robots to perform complex control tasks from high-dimensional pixel input using reinforcement learning (RL) is sample-inefficient, because image observations are comprised primarily of task-irrelevant information. By contrast,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Anthony Liang , Jesse Thomason , Erdem Bıyık

Continual Learning (CL) is a powerful tool that enables agents to learn a sequence of tasks, accumulating knowledge learned in the past and using it for problem-solving or future task learning. However, existing CL methods often assume that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Chaofan Pan , Jiafen Liu , Yanhua Li , Linbo Xiong , Fan Min , Wei Wei , Xin Yang

Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining has demonstrated remarkable zero-shot generalization by aligning visual and textual modalities in a shared embedding space. However, when continuously fine-tuned on diverse tasks, CLIP suffers from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Tiantian Peng , Yuyang Liu , Shuo Yang , Qiuhe Hong , YongHong Tian

In this paper, we introduce, for the first time, the concept of Set Pivot Learning, a paradigm shift that redefines domain generalization (DG) based on Vision Foundation Models (VFMs). Traditional DG assumes that the target domain is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Xinhui Li , Xinyu He , Qiming Hu , Xiaojie Guo

In this work, we address the challenge of zero-shot generalization (ZSG) in Reinforcement Learning (RL), where agents must adapt to entirely novel environments without additional training. We argue that understanding and utilizing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Tidiane Camaret Ndir , André Biedenkapp , Noor Awad

Fine-tuning vision-language models (VLMs) with abundant unlabeled data recently has attracted increasing attention. Existing methods that resort to the pseudolabeling strategy would suffer from heavily incorrect hard pseudolabels when VLMs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Jiahan Zhang , Qi Wei , Feng Liu , Lei Feng

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) offers a promising framework for training agents using pre-collected datasets without the need for further environment interaction. However, policies trained on offline data often struggle to generalise…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Ahmet H. Güzel , Ilija Bogunovic , Jack Parker-Holder

Prompt tuning is a new few-shot transfer learning technique that only tunes the learnable prompt for pre-trained vision and language models such as CLIP. However, existing prompt tuning methods tend to learn spurious or entangled…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-16 Xuehai He , Diji Yang , Weixi Feng , Tsu-Jui Fu , Arjun Akula , Varun Jampani , Pradyumna Narayana , Sugato Basu , William Yang Wang , Xin Eric Wang

Learning invariant representations from images is one of the hardest challenges facing computer vision. Spatial pooling is widely used to create invariance to spatial shifting, but it is restricted to convolutional models. In this paper, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2013-03-19 Sainbayar Sukhbaatar , Takaki Makino , Kazuyuki Aihara

Learning from previously collected data via behavioral cloning or offline reinforcement learning (RL) is a powerful recipe for scaling generalist agents by avoiding the need for expensive online learning. Despite strong generalization in…

Deep reinforcement learning algorithms can perform poorly in real-world tasks due to the discrepancy between source and target environments. This discrepancy is commonly viewed as the disturbance in transition dynamics. Many existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Yufei Kuang , Miao Lu , Jie Wang , Qi Zhou , Bin Li , Houqiang Li