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Designing optimization approaches, whether heuristic or meta-heuristic, usually demands extensive manual intervention and has difficulty generalizing across diverse problem domains. The combination of Large Language Models (LLMs) and…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-29 He Yu , Jing Liu

Since the rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) a couple of years ago, researchers in metaheuristics (MHs) have wondered how to use their power in a beneficial way within their algorithms. This paper introduces a novel approach that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Camilo Chacón Sartori , Christian Blum , Filippo Bistaffa , Guillem Rodríguez Corominas

Tackling complex optimization problems often relies on expert-designed heuristics, typically crafted through extensive trial and error. Recent advances demonstrate that large language models (LLMs), when integrated into well-designed…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Ziyao Huang , Weiwei Wu , Kui Wu , Jianping Wang , Wei-Bin Lee

Optimization algorithms and large language models (LLMs) enhance decision-making in dynamic environments by integrating artificial intelligence with traditional techniques. LLMs, with extensive domain knowledge, facilitate intelligent…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Sen Huang , Kaixiang Yang , Sheng Qi , Rui Wang

Heuristic design with large language models (LLMs) has emerged as a promising approach for tackling combinatorial optimization problems (COPs). However, existing approaches often rely on manually predefined evolutionary computation (EC)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Yiding Shi , Jianan Zhou , Wen Song , Jieyi Bi , Yaoxin Wu , Zhiguang Cao , Jie Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown notable potential in code generation for optimization algorithms, unlocking exciting new opportunities. This paper examines how LLMs, rather than creating algorithms from scratch, can improve existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Camilo Chacón Sartori , Christian Blum

Construct, Merge, Solve and Adapt (CMSA) is a general hybrid metaheuristic for solving combinatorial optimization problems. At each iteration, CMSA (1) constructs feasible solutions to the tackled problem instance in a probabilistic way and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-05-31 Christian Blum , Haroldo Gambini Santos

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown great potential in automatically generating and optimizing (meta)heuristics, making them valuable tools in heuristic optimization tasks. However, LLMs are generally inefficient when it comes to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Niki van Stein , Diederick Vermetten , Thomas Bäck

This paper presents an evaluation framework for assessing Large Language Models' (LLMs) capabilities in combinatorial optimization, specifically addressing the 2D bin-packing problem. We introduce a systematic methodology that combines LLMs…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Syed Mahbubul Huq , Daniel Brito , Daniel Sikar , Chris Child , Tillman Weyde , Rajesh Mojumder

In this work, we provide a systematic analysis of how large language models (LLMs) contribute to solving planning problems. In particular, we examine how LLMs perform when they are used as problem solver, solution verifier, and heuristic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Haoming Li , Zhaoliang Chen , Songyuan Liu , Yiming Lu , Fei Liu

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into evolutionary frameworks has established a new paradigm for automated heuristic discovery. Despite their promise, these methods typically search in the discrete space of program syntax,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Cheikh Ahmed , Mahdi Mostajabdaveh , Zirui Zhou

While systems designed for solving planning tasks vastly outperform Large Language Models (LLMs) in this domain, they usually discard the rich semantic information embedded within task descriptions. In contrast, LLMs possess parametrised…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Andrey Borro , Patricia J Riddle , Michael W Barley , Michael J Witbrock

Optimization algorithms are widely employed to tackle complex problems, but designing them manually is often labor-intensive and requires significant expertise. Global placement is a fundamental step in electronic design automation (EDA).…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Xufeng Yao , Jiaxi Jiang , Yuxuan Zhao , Peiyu Liao , Yibo Lin , Bei Yu

Heuristics are commonly used to tackle various search and optimization problems. Design heuristics usually require tedious manual crafting with domain knowledge. Recent works have incorporated Large Language Models (LLMs) into automatic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Shunyu Yao , Fei Liu , Xi Lin , Zhichao Lu , Zhenkun Wang , Qingfu Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) such as GPT-4 have demonstrated their ability to understand natural language and generate complex code snippets. This paper introduces a novel Large Language Model Evolutionary Algorithm (LLaMEA) framework,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Niki van Stein , Thomas Bäck

This study introduces the LPBSA, an advanced optimization algorithm that combines Learner Performance-based Behavior (LPB) and Simulated Annealing (SA) in a hybrid approach. Emphasizing metaheuristics, the LPBSA addresses and mitigates the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Dana R. Hamad , Tarik A. Rashid

Large Language Model (LLM) based multi-agent systems (MAS) show remarkable potential in collaborative problem-solving, yet they still face critical challenges: low communication efficiency, poor scalability, and a lack of effective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Weize Chen , Jiarui Yuan , Chen Qian , Cheng Yang , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Motivated by the potential of large language models (LLMs) as optimizers for solving combinatorial optimization problems, this paper proposes a novel LLM-assisted optimizer (LLMO) to address adversarial robustness neural architecture search…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Rui Zhong , Yang Cao , Jun Yu , Masaharu Munetomo

Heuristic algorithms play a vital role in solving combinatorial optimization (CO) problems, yet traditional designs depend heavily on manual expertise and struggle to generalize across diverse instances. We introduce \textbf{HeurAgenix}, a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Xianliang Yang , Ling Zhang , Haolong Qian , Lei Song , Jiang Bian

Large language models (LLMs) have recently advanced automatic heuristic design (AHD) for combinatorial optimization (CO), where candidate heuristics are iteratively proposed, evaluated, and refined. Most existing approaches search over…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Nguyen Viet Tuan Kiet , Bui Dinh Pham , Dao Van Tung , Tran Cong Dao , Huynh Thi Thanh Binh
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