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This paper introduces a method for detecting inappropriately targeting language in online conversations by integrating crowd and expert annotations with ChatGPT. We focus on English conversation threads from Reddit, examining comments that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Baran Barbarestani , Isa Maks , Piek Vossen

Hate speech detection is a critical problem in social media platforms, being often accused for enabling the spread of hatred and igniting physical violence. Hate speech detection requires overwhelming resources including high-performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-14 Tomer Wullach , Amir Adler , Einat Minkov

The phenomenal growth on the internet has helped in empowering individual's expressions, but the misuse of freedom of expression has also led to the increase of various cyber crimes and anti-social activities. Hate speech is one such issue…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-01 Prashant Kapil , Asif Ekbal , Dipankar Das

Hate speech is harmful content that directly attacks or promotes hatred against members of groups or individuals based on actual or perceived aspects of identity, such as racism, religion, or sexual orientation. This can affect social life…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Arijit Das , Somashree Nandy , Rupam Saha , Srijan Das , Diganta Saha

The rise of emergence of social media platforms has fundamentally altered how people communicate, and among the results of these developments is an increase in online use of abusive content. Therefore, automatically detecting this content…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Khouloud Mnassri , Praboda Rajapaksha , Reza Farahbakhsh , Noel Crespi

Some users of social media are spreading racist, sexist, and otherwise hateful content. For the purpose of training a hate speech detection system, the reliability of the annotations is crucial, but there is no universally agreed-upon…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-01-30 Björn Ross , Michael Rist , Guillermo Carbonell , Benjamin Cabrera , Nils Kurowsky , Michael Wojatzki

With the spread of social networks and their unfortunate use for hate speech, automatic detection of the latter has become a pressing problem. In this paper, we reproduce seven state-of-the-art hate speech detection models from prior work,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-06 Tommi Gröndahl , Luca Pajola , Mika Juuti , Mauro Conti , N. Asokan

Hate speech is a form of online harassment that involves the use of abusive language, and it is commonly seen in social media posts. This sort of harassment mainly focuses on specific group characteristics such as religion, gender,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-10 Georgios K. Pitsilis

In this paper, we tackle the Arabic Fine-Grained Hate Speech Detection shared task and demonstrate significant improvements over reported baselines for its three subtasks. The tasks are to predict if a tweet contains (1) Offensive language;…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-18 Badr AlKhamissi , Mona Diab

The proliferation of hate speech on social media platforms has necessitated the development of effective detection and moderation tools. This study evaluates the efficacy of various machine learning models in identifying hate speech and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Saurabh Mishra , Shivani Thakur , Radhika Mamidi

Hate speech represents a pervasive and detrimental form of online discourse, often manifested through an array of slurs, from hateful tweets to defamatory posts. As such speech proliferates, it connects people globally and poses significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Paloma Piot , Patricia Martín-Rodilla , Javier Parapar

Hate speech is a widespread and harmful form of online discourse, encompassing slurs and defamatory posts that can have serious social, psychological, and sometimes physical impacts on targeted individuals and communities. As social media…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Santosh Chapagain , Shah Muhammad Hamdi , Soukaina Filali Boubrahimi

We examined four case studies in the context of hate speech on Twitter in Italian from 2019 to 2020, aiming at comparing the classification of the 3,600 tweets made by expert pedagogists with the automatic classification made by machine…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Erica Forzinetti , Marco L. Della Vedova , Stefano Pasta , Milena Santerini

Implicit hate speech has recently emerged as a critical challenge for social media platforms. While much of the research has traditionally focused on harmful speech in general, the need for generalizable techniques to detect veiled and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Saad Almohaimeed , Saleh Almohaimeed , Damla Turgut , Ladislau Bölöni

Hate speech is one of the main threats posed by the widespread use of social networks, despite efforts to limit it. Although attention has been devoted to this issue, the lack of datasets and case studies centered around scarcely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Camilla Casula , Sara Tonelli

Hate speech is a global phenomenon, but most hate speech datasets so far focus on English-language content. This hinders the development of more effective hate speech detection models in hundreds of languages spoken by billions across the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Paul Röttger , Debora Nozza , Federico Bianchi , Dirk Hovy

The rapid growth of social media in recent years has fed into some highly undesirable phenomena such as proliferation of abusive and offensive language on the Internet. Previous research suggests that such hateful content tends to come from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-02-19 Pushkar Mishra , Marco Del Tredici , Helen Yannakoudakis , Ekaterina Shutova

Hate Speech has become a major content moderation issue for online social media platforms. Given the volume and velocity of online content production, it is impossible to manually moderate hate speech related content on any platform. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-28 Sudhanshu Mishra , Shivangi Prasad , Shubhanshu Mishra

Since the proliferation of social media usage, hate speech has become a major crisis. Hateful content can spread quickly and create an environment of distress and hostility. Further, what can be considered hateful is contextual and varies…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-01-05 Tanmoy Chakraborty , Sarah Masud

Hate speech detection has been extensively studied, yet existing methods often overlook a real-world complexity: training labels are biased, and interpretations of what is considered hate vary across individuals with different cultural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Weibin Cai , Reza Zafarani