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Long-context agentic workflows have emerged as a defining use case for large language models, making attention efficiency critical for both inference speed and serving cost. Sparse attention addresses this challenge effectively, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Yushi Bai , Qian Dong , Ting Jiang , Xin Lv , Zhengxiao Du , Aohan Zeng , Jie Tang , Juanzi Li

Attention mechanism is a significant part of Transformer models. It helps extract features from embedded vectors by adding global information and its expressivity has been proved to be powerful. Nevertheless, the quadratic complexity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Hanwen Liu , Yixuan Ma , Shi Jin , Yuguang Wang

Various forms of sparse attention have been explored to mitigate the quadratic computational and memory cost of the attention mechanism in transformers. We study sparse transformers not through a lens of efficiency but rather in terms of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Parikshit Ram , Kenneth L. Clarkson , Tim Klinger , Shashanka Ubaru , Alexander G. Gray

The Transformer architecture has significantly advanced natural language processing (NLP) and has been foundational in developing large language models (LLMs) such as LLaMA and OPT, which have come to dominate a broad range of NLP tasks.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Youpeng Zhao , Di Wu , Jun Wang

Transformer language models have driven significant progress across various fields, including natural language processing and computer vision. A central component of these models is the self-attention (SA) mechanism, which learns rich…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Suvadeep Hajra

Transformers have demonstrated great success in numerous domains including natural language processing and bioinformatics. This success stems from the use of the attention mechanism by these models in order to represent and propagate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Nathaniel Tomczak , Sanmukh Kuppannagari

Inference with Transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) on long sequences is both costly and slow due to the quadratic complexity of the self-attention mechanism. We introduce Star Attention, a two-phase block-sparse approximation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Shantanu Acharya , Fei Jia , Boris Ginsburg

Large language models are increasingly applied to multi-document and long-form inputs, yet long-context inference remains memory- and noise-inefficient. Key-value (KV) caching scales linearly with context length, while external retrieval…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Qingsen Ma , Dianyun Wang , Yaoye Wang , Lechen Ning , Sujie Zhu , Xiaohang Zhang , Jiaming Lyu , Linhao Ren , Zhenbo Xu , Zhaofeng He

The quadratic complexity of self-attention in Transformer models remains a significant bottleneck for processing long sequences and deploying large language models efficiently. For this approach, there has been significant research into…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Spandan Pratyush

The most widely used artificial intelligence (AI) models today are Transformers employing self-attention. In its standard form, self-attention incurs costs that increase with context length, driving demand for storage, compute, and energy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Franz A. Heinsen , Leo Kozachkov

The quadratic complexity of standard attention mechanisms poses a significant scalability bottleneck for large language models (LLMs) in long-context scenarios. While hybrid attention strategies that combine sparse and full attention within…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Zecheng Tang , Quantong Qiu , Yi Yang , Zhiyi Hong , Haiya Xiang , Kebin Liu , Qingqing Dang , Juntao Li , Min Zhang

Segment Anything Model (SAM) has garnered significant attention in segmentation tasks due to their zero-shot generalization ability. However, a broader application of SAMs to real-world practice has been restricted by their low inference…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Yanfei Song , Bangzheng Pu , Peng Wang , Hongxu Jiang , Dong Dong , Yongxiang Cao , Yiqing Shen

The highly popular Transformer architecture, based on self-attention, is the foundation of large pretrained models such as BERT, that have become an enduring paradigm in NLP. While powerful, the computational resources and time required to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Ran Tian , Joshua Maynez , Ankur P. Parikh

Long-context modeling is crucial for next-generation language models, yet the high computational cost of standard attention mechanisms poses significant computational challenges. Sparse attention offers a promising direction for improving…

The evolution of Vision Transformers has led to their widespread adaptation to different domains. Despite large-scale success, there remain significant challenges including their reliance on extensive computational and memory resources for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Suyash Gaurav , Muhammad Farhan Humayun , Jukka Heikkonen , Jatin Chaudhary

Recently, Transformers have shown promising performance in various vision tasks. To reduce the quadratic computation complexity caused by the global self-attention, various methods constrain the range of attention within a local region to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-30 Sitong Wu , Tianyi Wu , Haoru Tan , Guodong Guo

Recent advance in sparse attention mechanisms has demonstrated strong potential for reducing the computational cost of long-context training and inference in large language models (LLMs). Native Sparse Attention (NSA), one state-of-the-art…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Ran Yan , Youhe Jiang , Zhuoming Chen , Haohui Mai , Beidi Chen , Binhang Yuan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a pivotal research area, yet the attention module remains a critical bottleneck in LLM inference, even with techniques like KVCache to mitigate redundant computations. While various top-$k$…

Gating mechanisms have been widely utilized, from early models like LSTMs and Highway Networks to recent state space models, linear attention, and also softmax attention. Yet, existing literature rarely examines the specific effects of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Zihan Qiu , Zekun Wang , Bo Zheng , Zeyu Huang , Kaiyue Wen , Songlin Yang , Rui Men , Le Yu , Fei Huang , Suozhi Huang , Dayiheng Liu , Jingren Zhou , Junyang Lin

Self-attention (SA) mechanisms can capture effectively global dependencies in deep neural networks, and have been applied to natural language processing and image processing successfully. However, SA modules for image reconstruction have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-05-21 Zheng Wang , Jianwu Li , Ge Song , Tieling Li
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