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Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are increasingly used in clinical diagnostics, yet their robustness to adversarial attacks remains largely unexplored, posing serious risks. Existing medical attacks focus on secondary objectives such as model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Akash Ghosh , Subhadip Baidya , Sriparna Saha , Xiuying Chen

Although multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are increasingly deployed in real-world applications, their instruction-following behavior leaves them vulnerable to prompt injection attacks. Existing prompt injection methods predominantly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Meiwen Ding , Song Xia , Chenqi Kong , Xudong Jiang

Generative large vision-language models (LVLMs) have recently achieved impressive performance gains, and their user base is growing rapidly. However, the security of LVLMs, in particular in a long-context multi-turn setting, is largely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Christian Schlarmann , Matthias Hein

We show that we can easily design a single adversarial perturbation $P$ that changes the class of $n$ images $X_1,X_2,\dots,X_n$ from their original, unperturbed classes $c_1, c_2,\dots,c_n$ to desired (not necessarily all the same) classes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Stanislav Fort

Text-to-image diffusion models have been widely adopted in real-world applications due to their ability to generate realistic images from textual descriptions. However, recent studies have shown that these methods are vulnerable to backdoor…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Oscar Chew , Po-Yi Lu , Jayden Lin , Hsuan-Tien Lin

Visual modifications to text are often used to obfuscate offensive comments in social media (e.g., "!d10t") or as a writing style ("1337" in "leet speak"), among other scenarios. We consider this as a new type of adversarial attack in NLP,…

The integration of visual and textual data in Vision-Language Pre-training (VLP) models is crucial for enhancing vision-language understanding. However, the adversarial robustness of these models, especially in the alignment of image-text…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Youze Wang , Wenbo Hu , Yinpeng Dong , Hanwang Zhang , Hang Su , Richang Hong

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have gained considerable prominence in recent years due to their remarkable capability to effectively integrate and process both textual and visual information. This integration has significantly enhanced…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Aobotao Dai , Xinyu Ma , Lei Chen , Songze Li , Lin Wang

With Vision-Language Pre-training (VLP) models demonstrating powerful multimodal interaction capabilities, the application scenarios of neural networks are no longer confined to unimodal domains but have expanded to more complex multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Haonan Zheng , Xinyang Deng , Wen Jiang , Wenrui Li

Large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have revolutionized computer vision, enabling tasks such as image classification, captioning, and visual question answering. However, they remain highly vulnerable to adversarial attacks, particularly in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Atharv Mittal , Agam Pandey , Amritanshu Tiwari , Sukrit Jindal , Swadesh Swain

Current Visual-Language Pre-training (VLP) models are vulnerable to adversarial examples. These adversarial examples present substantial security risks to VLP models, as they can leverage inherent weaknesses in the models, resulting in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Bangyan He , Xiaojun Jia , Siyuan Liang , Tianrui Lou , Yang Liu , Xiaochun Cao

Several years of research have shown that machine-learning systems are vulnerable to adversarial examples, both in theory and in practice. Until now, such attacks have primarily targeted visual models, exploiting the gap between human and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Nicholas Boucher , Ilia Shumailov , Ross Anderson , Nicolas Papernot

Vision-language models (VLMs) have revolutionized multimodal AI applications but introduce novel security vulnerabilities that remain largely unexplored. We present the first comprehensive study of steganographic prompt injection attacks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Chetan Pathade

Deploying large vision-language models (LVLMs) introduces a unique vulnerability: susceptibility to malicious attacks via visual inputs. However, existing defense methods suffer from two key limitations: (1) They solely focus on textual…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Shuyang Hao , Yiwei Wang , Bryan Hooi , Ming-Hsuan Yang , Jun Liu , Chengcheng Tang , Zi Huang , Yujun Cai

Diffusion models have been widely deployed in various image generation tasks, demonstrating an extraordinary connection between image and text modalities. Although prior studies have explored the vulnerability of diffusion models from the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-06 Dingcheng Yang , Yang Bai , Xiaojun Jia , Yang Liu , Xiaochun Cao , Wenjian Yu

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), specifically designed to process the graph data, have achieved remarkable success in various applications. Link stealing attacks on graph data pose a significant privacy threat, as attackers aim to extract…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Faqian Guan , Tianqing Zhu , Wenhan Chang , Wei Ren , Wanlei Zhou

Utilizing a shared embedding space, emerging multimodal models exhibit unprecedented zero-shot capabilities. However, the shared embedding space could lead to new vulnerabilities if different modalities can be misaligned. In this paper, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Shaeke Salman , Md Montasir Bin Shams , Xiuwen Liu

Large language models have become increasingly prominent, also signaling a shift towards multimodality as the next frontier in artificial intelligence, where their embeddings are harnessed as prompts to generate textual content.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Jiachen Sun , Changsheng Wang , Jiongxiao Wang , Yiwei Zhang , Chaowei Xiao

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in interpreting visual content. While existing works demonstrate these models' vulnerability to deliberately placed adversarial texts, such texts are often easily…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Yue Cao , Yun Xing , Jie Zhang , Di Lin , Tianwei Zhang , Ivor Tsang , Yang Liu , Qing Guo

Large-scale pre-trained Vision-Language Models (VLMs), such as CLIP, establish the correlation between texts and images, achieving remarkable success on various downstream tasks with fine-tuning. In existing fine-tuning methods, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-31 Yi Zhang , Ce Zhang , Yushun Tang , Zhihai He