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Large Language Models (LLMs) have resulted in a surging demand for planet-scale serving systems, where tens of thousands of GPUs continuously serve hundreds of millions of users. Consequently, throughput has emerged as a key metric that…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Kan Zhu , Yufei Gao , Yilong Zhao , Liangyu Zhao , Gefei Zuo , Yile Gu , Dedong Xie , Tian Tang , Qinyu Xu , Zihao Ye , Keisuke Kamahori , Chien-Yu Lin , Ziren Wang , Stephanie Wang , Arvind Krishnamurthy , Baris Kasikci

Machine learning (ML) inference is a real-time workload that must comply with strict Service Level Objectives (SLOs), including latency and accuracy targets. Unfortunately, ensuring that SLOs are not violated in inference-serving systems is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Daniel Mendoza , Caroline Trippel

This paper introduces SLOs-Serve, a system designed for serving multi-stage large language model (LLM) requests with application- and stage-specific service level objectives (SLOs). The key idea behind SLOs-Serve is to customize the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Siyuan Chen , Zhipeng Jia , Samira Khan , Arvind Krishnamurthy , Phillip B. Gibbons

Large language models (LLMs) on smartphones enable real-time AI assistance and privacy-preserving, offline operation. However, resource constraints of smartphones limit current deployments to small language models (SLMs), significantly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Zhenliang Xue , Yixin Song , Zeyu Mi , Xinrui Zheng , Yubin Xia , Haibo Chen

The rapid evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) towards long-context reasoning and sparse architectures has pushed memory requirements far beyond the capacity of individual device HBM. While emerging supernode architectures offer…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Fangxin Liu , Qinghua Zhang , Hanjing Shen , Zhibo Liang , Li Jiang , Haibing Guan , Chong Bao , Xuefeng Jin

Large language models (LLMs) excel at diverse tasks, but their deployment on resource-constrained devices remains challenging. Existing methods like quantization, pruning, and distillation can reduce memory footprint but often demand…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Siddharth Tandon

Long-context language models exhibit impressive performance but remain challenging to deploy due to high GPU memory demands during inference. We propose Memory-efficient Offloaded Mini-sequence Inference (MOM), a method that partitions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Junyang Zhang , Tianyi Zhu , Cheng Luo , Anima Anandkumar

Existing large language models (LLMs) can only afford fix-sized inputs due to the input length limit, preventing them from utilizing rich long-context information from past inputs. To address this, we propose a framework, Language Models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Weizhi Wang , Li Dong , Hao Cheng , Xiaodong Liu , Xifeng Yan , Jianfeng Gao , Furu Wei

Transformer-based large language models are increasingly used for long-horizon tasks; however, their attention mechanism scales poorly with context length. To handle this, we study a sleep-like consolidation mechanism in which a model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Sangyun Lee , Sean McLeish , Tom Goldstein , Giulia Fanti

With the rapid development of Deep Learning, more and more applications on the cloud and edge tend to utilize large DNN (Deep Neural Network) models for improved task execution efficiency as well as decision-making quality. Due to memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Jingran Shen , Nikos Tziritas , Georgios Theodoropoulos

The recent huge advance of Large Language Models (LLMs) is mainly driven by the increase in the number of parameters. This has led to substantial memory capacity requirements, necessitating the use of dozens of GPUs just to meet the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Hongsun Jang , Jaeyong Song , Jaewon Jung , Jaeyoung Park , Youngsok Kim , Jinho Lee

Large Language Model (LLM) inference has emerged as a fundamental paradigm, however, variations in output length cause severe workload imbalance in the decode phase, particularly for long-output reasoning tasks. Existing systems, such as PD…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Zhibin Wang , Zetao Hong , Xue Li , Zibo Wang , Shipeng Li , Qingkai Meng , Qing Wang , Chengying Huan , Rong Gu , Sheng Zhong , Chen Tian

Large Language Models (LLMs) have advanced rapidly but face significant memory demands. While quantization has shown promise for LLMs, current methods typically require lengthy training to alleviate the performance degradation from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Ke Yi , Yuhui Xu , Heng Chang , Chen Tang , Yuan Meng , Tong Zhang , Jia Li

Large language models (LLMs) have recently been employed as agents to solve sequential decision-making tasks such as Bayesian optimization and multi-armed bandits (MAB). These works usually adopt an LLM for sequential action selection by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Mingze Kong , Zhiyong Wang , Yao Shu , Zhongxiang Dai

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have exhibited remarkable capabilities, driving advancements in real-world applications. However, training LLMs on increasingly long input sequences imposes significant challenges due to high…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Qiaoling Chen , Shenggui Li , Wei Gao , Peng Sun , Yonggang Wen , Tianwei Zhang

The high inference demands of transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) pose substantial challenges in their deployment. To this end, we introduce Neural Block Linearization (NBL), a novel framework for accelerating transformer model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Mete Erdogan , Francesco Tonin , Volkan Cevher

Deploying large language models (LLMs) on edge devices is crucial for delivering fast responses and ensuring data privacy. However, the limited storage, weight, and power of edge devices make it difficult to deploy LLM-powered applications.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Chunlin Tian , Xinpeng Qin , Kahou Tam , Li Li , Zijian Wang , Yuanzhe Zhao , Minglei Zhang , Chengzhong Xu

The advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly boosted performance in natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, the deployment of high-performance LLMs incurs substantial costs, primarily due to the increased…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Saehan Jo , Immanuel Trummer

While large language models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive capabilities across numerous applications, their robustness remains a critical concern. This paper is motivated by a specific vulnerability: the order sensitivity of LLMs. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Beni Egressy , Jan Stühmer

Large Language Models (LLMs) represent a revolutionary advancement in the contemporary landscape of artificial general intelligence (AGI). As exemplified by ChatGPT, LLM-based applications necessitate minimal response latency and maximal…

Performance · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Youpeng Zhao , Jun Wang