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With the advancement of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) and coding agents, the website development has shifted from manual programming to agent-based project-level code synthesis. Existing benchmarks rely on idealized assumptions,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Qiyao Wang , Haoran Hu , Longze Chen , Hongbo Wang , Hamid Alinejad-Rokny , Yuan Lin , Min Yang

GUI is a bridge connecting user and application. Existing GUI testing tasks can be categorized into two groups: functionality testing and compatibility testing. While the functionality testing focuses on detecting application runtime bugs,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Jiaming Ye , Mulong Xie , Siyuan Chen , Fuyuan Zhang , Lei Ma , Zhenchang Xing , Jianjun Zhao

Real-world data visualization (DV) requires native environmental grounding, cross-platform evolution, and proactive intent alignment. Yet, existing benchmarks often suffer from code-sandbox confinement, single-language creation-only tasks,…

While current Computer Use Agent (CUA) benchmarks measure task completion effectively, they provide limited assessment of enterprise deployment readiness, emphasizing functional correctness over the operational reliability required for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Horia Cristescu , Charles Park , Trong Canh Nguyen , Sergiu Talmacel , Alexandru-Gabriel Ilie , Stefan Adam

Graphical user interfaces (GUI) automation agents are emerging as powerful tools, enabling humans to accomplish increasingly complex tasks on smart devices. However, users often inadvertently omit key information when conveying tasks, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Ziming Cheng , Zhiyuan Huang , Junting Pan , Zhaohui Hou , Mingjie Zhan

Web agents, which couple language models with browsing and tool-use capabilities, show promise as open web assistants. Yet progress is increasingly limited by the lack of scalable, process-level supervision. Existing benchmarks are largely…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Tenghao Huang , Kung-Hsiang Huang , Prafulla Kumar Choubey , Yilun Zhou , Muhao Chen , Jonathan May , Chien-Sheng Wu

Building autonomous agents that perceive and operate graphical user interfaces (GUIs) like humans has long been a vision in the field of artificial intelligence. Central to these agents is the capability for GUI interaction, which involves…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Hongxin Li , Jingran Su , Jingfan Chen , Zheng Ju , Yuntao Chen , Qing Li , Zhaoxiang Zhang

Autonomous agents that address day-to-day digital tasks (e.g., ordering groceries for a household), must not only operate multiple apps (e.g., notes, messaging, shopping app) via APIs, but also generate rich code with complex control flow…

Autonomous computer use agents that powered by multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are emerging as capable assistants for completing complex digital workflows. However, real-world execution environments are far from ideal: pop-ups,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jingwei Sun , Jianing Zhu , Yuanyi Li , Tongliang Liu , Xia HU , Bo Han

General-purpose agents perform tasks in unfamiliar environments without domain-specific manual customization. Yet no study has systematically measured how agent architecture shapes performance across heterogeneous protocols and diverse…

Language agents are increasingly deployed in complex professional workflows, with tutoring emerging as a particularly high-stakes capability that remains largely unmeasured in existing benchmarks. Effective tutor agents require more than…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Zixin Chen , Peng Liu , Rui Sheng , Haobo Li , Jianhong Tu , Xiaodong Deng , Kashun Shum , Dayiheng Liu , Huamin Qu

World models have shown great utility in improving the task performance of embodied agents. While prior work largely focuses on pixel-space world models, these approaches face practical limitations in GUI settings, where predicting complex…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Shufan Li , Konstantinos Kallidromitis , Akash Gokul , Yusuke Kato , Kazuki Kozuka , Aditya Grover

Large language model (LLM)-based mobile agents are increasingly popular due to their capability to interact directly with mobile phone Graphic User Interfaces (GUIs) and their potential to autonomously manage daily tasks. Despite their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Luyuan Wang , Yongyu Deng , Yiwei Zha , Guodong Mao , Qinmin Wang , Tianchen Min , Wei Chen , Shoufa Chen

Automated software environment setup is a prerequisite for testing, debugging, and reproducing failures, yet remains challenging in practice due to complex dependencies, heterogeneous build systems, and incomplete documentation. Recent work…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Xiang Li , Siyu Lu , Federica Sarro , Claire Le Goues , He Ye

Agents for computer use (ACUs) are an emerging class of systems capable of executing complex tasks on digital devices -- such as desktops, mobile phones, and web platforms -- given instructions in natural language. These agents can automate…

We introduce REAL, a benchmark and framework for multi-turn agent evaluations on deterministic simulations of real-world websites. REAL comprises high-fidelity, deterministic replicas of 11 widely-used websites across domains such as…

(M)LLM-powered computer use agents (CUA) are emerging as a transformative technique to automate human-computer interaction. However, existing CUA benchmarks predominantly target GUI agents, whose evaluation methods are susceptible to UI…

With the advancements in hardware, software, and large language model technologies, the interaction between humans and operating systems has evolved from the command-line interface to the rapidly emerging AI agent interactions. Building an…

Large-scale, high-quality interaction trajectories are essential for advancing mobile Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents. While existing methods typically rely on labor-intensive human demonstrations or automated model exploration to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Linjia Kang , Zhimin Wang , Yongkang Zhang , Duo Wu , Jinghe Wang , Ming Ma , Haopeng Yan , Zhi Wang

The development of GUI agents could revolutionize the next generation of human-computer interaction. Motivated by this vision, we present MAI-UI, a family of foundation GUI agents spanning the full spectrum of sizes, including 2B, 8B, 32B,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Hanzhang Zhou , Xu Zhang , Panrong Tong , Jianan Zhang , Liangyu Chen , Quyu Kong , Chenglin Cai , Chen Liu , Yue Wang , Jingren Zhou , Steven Hoi