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Computer-use agents (CUAs) automate on-screen work, as illustrated by GPT-5.4 and Claude. Yet their reliability on complex, low-frequency interactions is still poor, limiting user trust. Our analysis of failure cases from advanced models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Miaosen Zhang , Xiaohan Zhao , Zhihong Tan , Zhou Huoshen , Yijia Fan , Yifan Yang , Kai Qiu , Bei Liu , Justin Wagle , Chenzhong Yin , Mingxi Cheng , Ji Li , Qi Dai , Chong Luo , Xu Yang , Xin Geng , Baining Guo

Mobile GUI Agents, AI agents capable of interacting with mobile applications on behalf of users, have the potential to transform human computer interaction. However, current evaluation practices for GUI agents face two fundamental…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Youngmin Im , Byeongung Jo , Jaeyoung Wi , Seungwoo Baek , Tae Hoon Min , Joo Hyung Lee , Sangeun Oh , Insik Shin , Sunjae Lee

Graphical User Interface (GUI) tasks are vital for automating workflows such as software testing, user interface navigation. For users, the GUI is the most intuitive platform for interacting with a computer. Previous work identified a key…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Zheng Hui , Yinheng Li , Dan zhao , Tianyi Chen , Colby Banbury , Kazuhito Koishida

With the rapid progress of multimodal large language models, operating system (OS) agents become increasingly capable of automating tasks through on-device graphical user interfaces (GUIs). However, most existing OS agents are designed for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Zheng Wu , Heyuan Huang , Xingyu Lou , Xiangmou Qu , Pengzhou Cheng , Zongru Wu , Weiwen Liu , Weinan Zhang , Jun Wang , Zhaoxiang Wang , Zhuosheng Zhang

AI agents may soon become capable of autonomously completing valuable, long-horizon tasks in diverse domains. Current benchmarks either do not measure real-world tasks, or are not sufficiently difficult to meaningfully measure frontier…

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents show great potential for enabling foundation models to complete real-world tasks, revolutionizing human-computer interaction and improving human productivity. In this report, we present OmegaUse, a…

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents adopt an end-to-end paradigm that maps a screenshot to an action sequence, thereby automating repetitive tasks in virtual environments. However, existing GUI agents are evaluated almost exclusively on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Chunyi Li , Longfei Li , Zicheng Zhang , Xiaohong Liu , Min Tang , Weisi Lin , Guangtao Zhai

End-to-end GUI agents for real desktop environments require large amounts of high-quality interaction data, yet collecting human demonstrations is expensive and existing synthetic pipelines often suffer from limited task diversity or noisy,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Jinbiao Wei , Yilun Zhao , Kangqi Ni , Arman Cohan

Recent advances in AI-assisted programming have empowered agents to execute complex workflows via command-line interfaces, however, existing benchmarks are limited by short task horizons, data contamination from GitHub scraping, and a lack…

Mobile GUI agents exhibit substantial potential to facilitate and automate the execution of user tasks on mobile phones. However, exist mobile GUI agents predominantly privilege autonomous operation and neglect the necessity of active user…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Haitao Jia , Ming He , Zimo Yin , Likang Wu , Jianping Fan , Jitao Sang

Computer-use agents face a fundamental limitation. They rely exclusively on primitive GUI actions (click, type, scroll), creating brittle execution chains prone to cascading failures. While API-driven agents harness rich capabilities…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Yuhao Yang , Zhen Yang , Zi-Yi Dou , Anh Nguyen , Keen You , Omar Attia , Andrew Szot , Michael Feng , Ram Ramrakhya , Alexander Toshev , Chao Huang , Yinfei Yang , Zhe Gan

Graphical User Interface (GUI) Agents, powered by multimodal large language models (MLLMs), have shown great potential for task automation on computing devices such as computers and mobile phones. However, existing agents face challenges in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Yuhang Liu , Pengxiang Li , Zishu Wei , Congkai Xie , Xueyu Hu , Xinchen Xu , Shengyu Zhang , Xiaotian Han , Hongxia Yang , Fei Wu

Autonomous graphical user interface (GUI) agents aim to facilitate task automation by interacting with the user interface without manual intervention. Recent studies have investigated eliciting the capabilities of large language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Zhuosheng Zhang , Aston Zhang

Generative AI is being leveraged to solve a variety of computer-use tasks involving desktop applications. State-of-the-art systems have focused solely on improving accuracy on leading benchmarks. However, these systems are practically…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Reyna Abhyankar , Qi Qi , Yiying Zhang

GUI agents are rapidly becoming a new interaction to software, allowing people to navigate web, desktop and mobile rather than execute them click by click. Yet ``agent'' is described with radically different degrees of autonomy, obscuring…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Sidong Feng , Chunyang Chen

To achieve successful assistance with long-horizon web-based tasks, AI agents must be able to sequentially follow real-world user instructions over a long period. Unlike existing web-based agent benchmarks, sequential instruction following…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Suyu Ye , Haojun Shi , Darren Shih , Hyokun Yun , Tanya Roosta , Tianmin Shu

Large language models (LLMs) show remarkable potential to act as computer agents, enhancing human productivity and software accessibility in multi-modal tasks that require planning and reasoning. However, measuring agent performance in…

Recent advances in mobile Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents highlight the growing need for comprehensive evaluation benchmarks. While new online benchmarks offer more realistic testing than offline ones, they tend to focus on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Qinzhuo Wu , Zhizhuo Yang , Hanhao Li , Pengzhi Gao , Wei Liu , Jian Luan

We present Agent S, an open agentic framework that enables autonomous interaction with computers through a Graphical User Interface (GUI), aimed at transforming human-computer interaction by automating complex, multi-step tasks. Agent S…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Saaket Agashe , Jiuzhou Han , Shuyu Gan , Jiachen Yang , Ang Li , Xin Eric Wang

For web agents to be practically useful, they must adapt to the continuously evolving web environment characterized by frequent updates to user interfaces and content. However, most existing benchmarks only capture the static aspects of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Yichen Pan , Dehan Kong , Sida Zhou , Cheng Cui , Yifei Leng , Bing Jiang , Hangyu Liu , Yanyi Shang , Shuyan Zhou , Tongshuang Wu , Zhengyang Wu