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To obtain high-quality sentence embeddings from pretrained language models (PLMs), they must either be augmented with additional pretraining objectives or finetuned on a large set of labeled text pairs. While the latter approach typically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Timo Schick , Hinrich Schütze

Recently, numerous embedding models have been made available and widely used for various NLP tasks. The Massive Text Embedding Benchmark (MTEB) has primarily simplified the process of choosing a model that performs well for several tasks in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Mathieu Ciancone , Imene Kerboua , Marion Schaeffer , Wissam Siblini

The adaption of multilingual pre-trained LLMs into eloquent and helpful assistants is essential to facilitate their use across different language regions. In that spirit, we are the first to conduct an extensive study of the performance of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Alexander Arno Weber , Klaudia Thellmann , Jan Ebert , Nicolas Flores-Herr , Jens Lehmann , Michael Fromm , Mehdi Ali

Large-scale digitization initiatives have unlocked massive collections of historical newspapers, yet effective computational access remains hindered by OCR corruption, multilingual orthographic variation, and temporal language drift. We…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Anthony Mudet , Souhail Bakkali

Low-resource languages (LRLs) lack sufficient linguistic resources and are underrepresented in benchmark datasets, resulting in persistently lower translation quality than high-resource languages, especially in privacy-sensitive and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Yewei Song , Lujun Li , Cedric Lothritz , Saad Ezzini , Lama Sleem , Niccolo Gentile , Radu State , Tegawendé F. Bissyandé , Jacques Klein

Multilingual sentence representations from large models encode semantic information from two or more languages and can be used for different cross-lingual information retrieval and matching tasks. In this paper, we integrate contrastive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Weiting Tan , Kevin Heffernan , Holger Schwenk , Philipp Koehn

As more historical texts are digitized, there is interest in applying natural language processing tools to these archives. However, the performance of these tools is often unsatisfactory, due to language change and genre differences.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-04-05 Yi Yang , Jacob Eisenstein

We present an ongoing initiative to provide open, very large, high-quality, and richly annotated textual datasets for almost 200 languages. At 30 trillion tokens, this is likely the largest generally available multilingual collection of LLM…

Hierarchical attention networks have recently achieved remarkable performance for document classification in a given language. However, when multilingual document collections are considered, training such models separately for each language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-09-18 Nikolaos Pappas , Andrei Popescu-Belis

Online misinformation remains a critical challenge, and fact-checkers increasingly rely on claim matching systems that use sentence embedding models to retrieve relevant fact-checks. However, as users interact with claims online, they often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Jabez Magomere , Emanuele La Malfa , Manuel Tonneau , Ashkan Kazemi , Scott Hale

There has been an increasing interest in learning cross-lingual word embeddings to transfer knowledge obtained from a resource-rich language, such as English, to lower-resource languages for which annotated data is scarce, such as Turkish,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-19 Elmurod Kuriyozov , Yerai Doval , Carlos Gómez-Rodríguez

Cross-lingual embeddings aim to represent words in multiple languages in a shared vector space by capturing semantic similarities across languages. They are a crucial component for scaling tasks to multiple languages by transferring…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-10 Lena Shakurova , Beata Nyari , Chao Li , Mihai Rotaru

In language processing, training data with extremely large variance may lead to difficulty in the language model's convergence. It is difficult for the network parameters to adapt sentences with largely varied semantics or grammatical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-26 Yunhao Yang , Zhaokun Xue

Nowadays, digital news articles are widely available, published by various editors and often written in different languages. This large volume of diverse and unorganized information makes human reading very difficult or almost impossible.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-20 Mathis Linger , Mhamed Hajaiej

Semantic textual similarity is one of the open research challenges in the field of Natural Language Processing. Extensive research has been carried out in this field and near-perfect results are achieved by recent transformer-based models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Dhivya Chandrasekaran , Vijay Mago

Neural language modeling (LM) has led to significant improvements in several applications, including Automatic Speech Recognition. However, they typically require large amounts of training data, which is not available for many domains and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-05 Navid Rekabsaz , Nikolaos Pappas , James Henderson , Banriskhem K. Khonglah , Srikanth Madikeri

Bilingual word embeddings represent words of two languages in the same space, and allow to transfer knowledge from one language to the other without machine translation. The main approach is to train monolingual embeddings first and then…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-04-24 J. Goikoetxea , A. Soroa , E. Agirre

Code-switching, or alternating between languages within a single conversation, presents challenges for multilingual language models on NLP tasks. This research investigates if pre-training Multilingual BERT (mBERT) on code-switched datasets…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Katherine Xie , Nitya Babbar , Vicky Chen , Yoanna Turura

Embedding models are a cornerstone of modern AI. Driven by Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), they have made great progress in architecture and data curation, while the holistic paradigm is still limited to SSC, i.e., single input,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Zhicheng Wang , Chen Ju , Xu Chen , Shuai Xiao , Jinsong Lan , Xiaoyong Zhu , Ying Chen , Zhiguo Cao

We introduce a novel suite of state-of-the-art bilingual text embedding models that are designed to support English and another target language. These models are capable of processing lengthy text inputs with up to 8192 tokens, making them…