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The local determination of the Hubble Constant sits at a crossroad. Current estimates of the local expansion rate of the Universe differ by about 1.7-sigma, derived from the Cepheid and TRGB based calibrations, applied to type Ia…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-02-17 Abigail J. Lee , Wendy L. Freedman , Barry F. Madore , Kayla A. Owens , Andrew J. Monson , Taylor J. Hoyt

We apply the near-infrared J-region Asymptotic Giant Branch (JAGB) method, recently introduced by Madore \& Freedman (2020), to measure the distances to 14 nearby galaxies out to 4 Mpc. We use the geometric detached eclipsing binary (DEB)…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-08-19 Wendy L. Freedman , Barry F. Madore

The tip of the red giant branch has been used to measure distances to 500 nearby galaxies with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) which are available in the Color-Magnitude Diagrams and Tip of the Red Giant Branch (CMDs/TRGB) catalog on the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-06-15 Gagandeep S. Anand , R. Brent Tully , Luca Rizzi , Adam G. Riess , Wenlong Yuan

The J-region asymptotic giant branch (JAGB) method is a new standard candle based on the constant luminosities of carbon-rich asymptotic giant branch stars in the J band. The JAGB method is independent of the Cepheid and TRGB distance…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-03-27 Abigail J. Lee , Wendy L. Freedman , Barry F. Madore , In Sung Jang , Kayla A. Owens , Taylor J. Hoyt

Differences between the local value of the Hubble constant measured via the distance ladder versus the value inferred from the cosmic microwave background with the assumption of the standard $\Lambda$CDM model have reached over 5$\sigma$…

The J-region asymptotic giant branch (JAGB) method is a new standard candle that is based on the stable intrinsic J-band magnitude of color-selected carbon stars, and has a precision comparable to other primary distance indicators such as…

The tip of the red giant (TRGB) is a standardizable candle and is identifiable as the discontinuity at the bright extreme of the red giant branch (RGB) stars in color-magnitude diagram (CMD) space. The TRGB-based distance method has been…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-06-12 Max J. B. Newman , Kristen B. W. McQuinn , Evan D. Skillman , Martha L. Boyer , Roger E. Cohen , Andrew E. Dolphin , O. Grace Telford

The Hubble Tension, a >5 sigma discrepancy between direct and indirect measurements of the Hubble constant (H0), has persisted for a decade and motivated intense scrutiny of the paths used to infer H0. Comparing independently-derived…

We present an absolute calibration of the J-region Asymptotic Giant Branch (JAGB) method using published photometry of resolved stars in 20 nearby galaxies observed with HST using the WFC3-IR camera and the F110W (Broad J-Band) filter. True…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-03-02 Barry F. Madore , Wendy L. Freedman , Abigail Lee

The luminosity of the Tip of the Red Giant Branch (TRGB) provides an excellent measure of galaxy distances and is easily determined in the resolved images of nearby galaxies observed with Hubble Space Telescope. There is now a large amount…

While the tip of the red giant branch (TRGB) has been used as a distance indicator since the early 1990's, its application to measure the Hubble Constant as a primary distance indicator occurred only recently. The TRGB is also currently at…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-04-02 Siyang Li , Rachael L. Beaton

The Tip of the Red Giant Branch (TRGB)-based distance method in the I band is one of the most efficient and precise techniques for measuring distances to nearby galaxies (D <= 15 Mpc). The TRGB in the near infrared (NIR) is 1 to 2…

The Tip of the Red Giant Branch (TRGB) is an apparent discontinuity in the color-magnitude diagram (CMD) along the giant branch due to the end of the red giant evolutionary phase and is used to measure distances in the local universe. In…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-05-06 J. Wu , D. Scolnic , A. G. Riess , G. S. Anand , R. Beaton , S. Casertano , X. Ke , S. Li

We present near-infrared JHK photometry for the resolved stellar populations in 13 nearby galaxies: NGC 6822, IC 1613, NGC 3109, Sextans B, Sextans A, NGC 300, NGC 55, NGC 7793, NGC 247, NGC 5253, Cen A, NGC 1313, and M83, acquired from the…

The tip of the red giant branch (TRGB) allows for the measurement of precise and accurate distances to nearby galaxies, based on the brightest ascent of low-mass red giant branch stars before they undergo the helium flash. With the advent…

J-Branch Asymptotic Giant Branch (JAGB) stars are a photometrically well-defined population of extremely red, intermediate-age AGB stars that are found to have tightly-constrained luminosities in the near-infrared. Based on JK photometry of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-08-19 Barry F. Madore , Wendy L. Freedman

The tip of the red giant branch (TRGB) is a well-established standard candle used to measure distances to nearby galaxies. The TRGB luminosity is typically measured in the I-band, where the luminosity has little dependency on stellar age or…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-07-31 Kristen. B. W. McQuinn , Martha Boyer , Evan D. Skillman , Andrew E. Dolphin

The Tip of the Red Giant Branch (TRGB) provides a luminous standard candle for constructing distance ladders to measure the Hubble constant. In practice its measurements via edge-detection response (EDR) are complicated by the apparent…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-04-14 D. Scolnic , A. G. Riess , J. Wu , S. Li , G. S. Anand , R. Beaton , S. Casertano , R. Anderson , S. Dhawan , X. Ke

Distance measurements to extragalactic systems that are both accurate and precise are cornerstones of modern astrophysics, underpinning the calibration of standard candles and the determination of the Hubble constant. Dwarf galaxies, such…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-05-07 Ziming Yan , Shu Wang , Xiaodian Chen , Licai Deng

Measurement of the distances to nearby galaxies have improved rapidly in recent decades. The ever-present challenge is to reduce systematic effects, especially as greater distances are probed, and the uncertainties become larger. In this…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-09-29 Wendy L. Freedman
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