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The attention mechanism is an important reason for the success of transformers. It relies on computing pairwise relations between tokens. To reduce the high computational cost of standard quadratic attention, linear attention has been…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Hanno Ackermann , Hong Cai , Mohsen Ghafoorian , Amirhossein Habibian

Large Language Models are growing in size, and we expect them to continue to do so, as larger models train quicker. However, this increase in size will severely impact inference costs. Therefore model compression is important, to retain the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Georgy Tyukin

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are increasingly tasked with ultra-long multimodal understanding. While linear architectures offer constant computation and memory footprints, they often struggle with high-frequency visual perception compared…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Hongyuan Tao , Bencheng Liao , Shaoyu Chen , Haoran Yin , Qian Zhang , Wenyu Liu , Xinggang Wang

While Transformers have revolutionized deep learning, their quadratic attention complexity hinders their ability to process infinitely long inputs. We propose Feedback Attention Memory (FAM), a novel Transformer architecture that leverages…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Dongseong Hwang , Weiran Wang , Zhuoyuan Huo , Khe Chai Sim , Pedro Moreno Mengibar

The attention mechanism forms the foundational blocks for transformer language models. Recent approaches show that scaling the model achieves human-level performance. However, with increasing demands for scaling and constraints on hardware…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Sai Sena Chinnakonduru , Astarag Mohapatra

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have gained much attention from the research community thanks to their strength in translating multimodal observations with linguistic instructions into robotic actions. Despite their recent advancements,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Tuan Van Vo , Tan Quang Nguyen , Khang Minh Nguyen , Duy Ho Minh Nguyen , Minh Nhat Vu

Large language model (LLM) inference is increasingly bottlenecked by the Key-Value (KV) cache, yet the fine-grained structure of attention-head activations remains poorly understood. We show that pretrained Transformers exhibit a pervasive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Khalid Shaikh , Asmit Kumar Singh , Rebecca Christopher Dsouza , Shikhar Shiromani

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become the central paradigm in artificial intelligence, yet the core computational primitive of attention has remained structurally unchanged. Local Linear Attention (LLA) is an attention mechanism derived…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yifei Zuo , Dhruv Pai , Zhichen Zeng , Alec Dewulf , Shuming Hu , Zhaoran Wang

Transformers, driven by attention mechanisms, form the foundation of large language models (LLMs). As these models scale up, efficient GPU attention kernels become essential for high-throughput and low-latency inference. Diverse LLM…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Zihao Ye , Lequn Chen , Ruihang Lai , Wuwei Lin , Yineng Zhang , Stephanie Wang , Tianqi Chen , Baris Kasikci , Vinod Grover , Arvind Krishnamurthy , Luis Ceze

Key-Value (KV) cache memory and bandwidth increasingly dominate large language model inference cost in long-context and long-generation regimes. Architectures such as multi-head latent attention (MLA) and hybrid sliding-window attention…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Zhen Cheng , Hao-Bo Yang , Wan-Yi Huang , Jin-Long Li

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models, particularly diffusion-based architectures, demonstrate transformative potential for embodied intelligence but are severely hampered by high computational and memory demands stemming from extensive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Yantai Yang , Yuhao Wang , Zichen Wen , Luo Zhongwei , Chang Zou , Zhipeng Zhang , Chuan Wen , Linfeng Zhang

This work studies how to adaptively recompute key-value (KV) caches for diffusion large language models (DLMs) to maximize prediction accuracy while minimizing decoding latency. Prior methods' decoders recompute QKV for all tokens at every…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Quan Nguyen-Tri , Mukul Ranjan , Zhiqiang Shen

LLMs have demonstrated remarkable proficiency in understanding tasks but continue to struggle with long-context comprehension, particularly with content located in the middle of extensive inputs. This limitation, known as the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-03 James Begin , Namit Agrawal , Eshan Singh , Yicheng Fu , Sean O'Brien , Vasu Sharma , Kevin Zhu

Transformers have improved the state-of-the-art across numerous tasks in sequence modeling. Besides the quadratic computational and memory complexity w.r.t the sequence length, the self-attention mechanism only processes information at the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-12 Yao Zhang , Yunpu Ma , Thomas Seidl , Volker Tresp

As large language models (LLMs) become increasingly powerful, the sequential nature of autoregressive generation creates a fundamental throughput bottleneck that limits the practical deployment. While Multi-Token Prediction (MTP) has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Yuxuan Cai , Xiaozhuan Liang , Xinghua Wang , Jin Ma , Haijin Liang , Jinwen Luo , Xinyu Zuo , Lisheng Duan , Yuyang Yin , Xi Chen

We present QUOKA: Query-oriented KV selection for efficient attention, a training-free and hardware agnostic sparse attention algorithm for accelerating transformer inference under chunked prefill. While many queries focus on a smaller…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Dalton Jones , Junyoung Park , Matthew Morse , Mingu Lee , Chris Lott , Harper Langston

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have demonstrated strong multi-modal reasoning capabilities, enabling direct action generation from visual perception and language instructions in an end-to-end manner. However, their substantial…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Siyu Xu , Yunke Wang , Chenghao Xia , Dihao Zhu , Tao Huang , Chang Xu

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) have achieved strong performance across many natural language processing tasks. Nonetheless, their quadratic computational and memory requirements, particularly in self-attention layers, pose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Fabien Furfaro

Multi-head Latent Attention (MLA) significantly reduces KVCache memory usage in Large Language Models while introducing substantial computational overhead and intermediate variable expansion. This poses challenges for efficient hardware…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Qichen Liao , Chengqiu Hu , Fangzheng Miao , Bao Li , Yiyang Liu , Junlong Lyu , Lirui Jiang , Jun Wang , Lingchao Zheng , Jun Li , Yuwei Fan

Using Large Language Models (LLMs) to process graph-structured data is an active research area, yet current state-of-the-art approaches typically rely on multi-step pipelines with Graph Neural Network (GNN) encoders that compress rich…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Dario Vajda