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Related papers: Scalable Fingerprinting of Large Language Models

200 papers

The behavior of LLMs does not depend solely on the model itself. Components of the inference system, such as the inference engine, attention backend, and hardware platform, subtly influence how inputs are processed. These components differ…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Anna Wimbauer , Jonas Möller , Erik Imgrund , Konrad Rieck

The deployment of machine learning models in operational contexts represents a significant investment for any organisation. Consequently, the risk of these models being misappropriated by competitors needs to be addressed. In recent years,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Augustin Godinot , Erwan Le Merrer , Camilla Penzo , François Taïani , Gilles Trédan

We introduce LLMmap, a first-generation fingerprinting technique targeted at LLM-integrated applications. LLMmap employs an active fingerprinting approach, sending carefully crafted queries to the application and analyzing the responses to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Dario Pasquini , Evgenios M. Kornaropoulos , Giuseppe Ateniese

Embedded devices are omnipresent in modern networks including the ones operating inside critical environments. However, due to their constrained nature, novel mechanisms are required to provide external, and non-intrusive anomaly detection.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Kurt A. Vedros , Georgios Michail Makrakis , Constantinos Kolias , Robert C. Ivans , Craig Rieger

The study identifies a clear evolution from traditional methods to more advanced machine learning approaches. Current algorithms face persistent challenges, including degraded image quality, damaged ridge structures, and background noise,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Amit Kumar Trivedi , Jasvinder Pal Singh

Backdoor-based fingerprinting has emerged as an effective technique for tracing the ownership of large language models. However, in real-world deployment scenarios, developers often instantiate multiple downstream models from a shared base…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Zhenhua Xu , Qichen Liu , Zhebo Wang , Wenpeng Xing , Dezhang Kong , Mohan Li , Meng Han

Protecting the copyright of large language models (LLMs) has become crucial due to their resource-intensive training and accompanying carefully designed licenses. However, identifying the original base model of an LLM is challenging due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Boyi Zeng , Lizheng Wang , Yuncong Hu , Yi Xu , Chenghu Zhou , Xinbing Wang , Yu Yu , Zhouhan Lin

Multimodal LLMs (MLLMs) are capable of performing complex data analysis, visual question answering, generation, and reasoning tasks. However, their ability to analyze biometric data is relatively underexplored. In this work, we investigate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Ekta Gavas , Sudipta Banerjee , Chinmay Hegde , Nasir Memon

Wearable sensors have become ubiquitous thanks to a variety of health tracking features. The resulting continuous and longitudinal measurements from everyday life generate large volumes of data; however, making sense of these observations…

The protection of Intellectual Property (IP) in Large Language Models (LLMs) represents a critical challenge in contemporary AI research. While fingerprinting techniques have emerged as a fundamental mechanism for detecting unauthorized…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Hanxiu Zhang , Yue Zheng

Protecting the intellectual property of large language models (LLMs) is crucial, given the substantial resources required for their training. Consequently, there is an urgent need for both model owners and third parties to determine whether…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Boyi Zeng , Lin Chen , Ziwei He , Xinbing Wang , Zhouhan Lin

As large language models are increasingly deployed in sensitive environments, fingerprinting attacks pose significant privacy and security risks. We present a study of LLM fingerprinting from both offensive and defensive perspectives. Our…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Kevin Kurian , Ethan Holland , Sean Oesch

The growing need to integrate information from a large number of diverse sources poses significant scalability challenges for data integration systems. These systems often rely on manually written schema mappings, which are complex,…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Christopher Buss , Mahdis Safari , Arash Termehchy , Stefan Lee , David Maier

Capturing intricate biological phenomena often requires multiscale modeling where coarse and inexpensive models are developed using limited components of expensive and high-fidelity models. Here, we consider such a multiscale framework in…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2022-07-12 Konstantia Georgouli , Helgi I Ingólfsson , Fikret Aydin , Mark Heimann , Felice C Lightstone , Peer-Timo Bremer , Harsh Bhatia

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become increasingly prevalent across various sectors, raising critical concerns about model ownership and intellectual property protection. Although backdoor-based fingerprinting has emerged as a promising…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Jingxuan Zhang , Zhenhua Xu , Rui Hu , Wenpeng Xing , Xuhong Zhang , Meng Han

Large language models represent significant investments in computation, data, and engineering expertise, making them extraordinarily valuable intellectual assets. Nevertheless, these AI assets remain vulnerable to unauthorized…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Shida Wang , Chaohu Liu , Yubo Wang , Linli Xu

Large language models (LLMs) for code completion and generation are increasingly used in software development, yet they may reproduce training examples verbatim and without authorship attribution, raising legal and ethical concerns around…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Andrea Gurioli , Davide D'Ascenzo , Federico Pennino , Maurizio Gabbrielli , Stefano Zacchiroli

As Large Language Models (LLMs) become integral software components in modern applications, unauthorized model derivations through fine-tuning, merging, and redistribution have emerged as critical software engineering challenges. Unlike…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Zehao Wu , Yanjie Zhao , Haoyu Wang

Protecting the intellectual property of Large Language Models (LLMs) has become increasingly critical due to the high cost of training. Model merging, which integrates multiple expert models into a single multi-task model, introduces a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Shojiro Yamabe , Futa Waseda , Tsubasa Takahashi , Koki Wataoka

Recent advances in the fingerprinting of deep neural networks detect instances of models, placed in a black-box interaction scheme. Inputs used by the fingerprinting protocols are specifically crafted for each precise model to be checked…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-08 Thibault Maho , Teddy Furon , Erwan Le Merrer