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The design of protein sequences with desired functionalities is a fundamental task in protein engineering. Deep generative methods, such as autoregressive models and diffusion models, have greatly accelerated the discovery of novel protein…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Zitai Kong , Yiheng Zhu , Yinlong Xu , Hanjing Zhou , Mingzhe Yin , Jialu Wu , Hongxia Xu , Chang-Yu Hsieh , Tingjun Hou , Jian Wu

Deep generative models, such as diffusion models, have shown promising progress in image generation and audio generation via simplified continuity assumptions. However, the development of generative modeling techniques for generating…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Wenhao Zheng , Chenwei Sun , Wenbo Zhang , Jiancheng Lv , Xianggen Liu

Directed evolution of proteins has been the most effective method for protein engineering. However, a new paradigm is emerging, fusing the library generation and screening approaches of traditional directed evolution with computation…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-05-29 Kadina E. Johnston , Clara Fannjiang , Bruce J. Wittmann , Brian L. Hie , Kevin K. Yang , Zachary Wu

Proteins perform critical processes in all living systems: converting solar energy into chemical energy, replicating DNA, as the basis of highly performant materials, sensing and much more. While an incredible range of functionality has…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2021-09-29 Leonardo V. Castorina , Rokas Petrenas , Kartic Subr , Christopher W. Wood

Recent advances in geometric deep learning and generative modeling have enabled the design of novel proteins with a wide range of desired properties. However, current state-of-the-art approaches are typically restricted to generating…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-08-26 Vsevolod Viliuga , Leif Seute , Nicolas Wolf , Simon Wagner , Arne Elofsson , Jan Stühmer , Frauke Gräter

Biological processes, functions, and properties are intricately linked to the ensemble of protein conformations, rather than being solely determined by a single stable conformation. In this study, we have developed P2DFlow, a generative…

Biological Physics · Physics 2025-03-05 Yaowei Jin , Qi Huang , Ziyang Song , Mingyue Zheng , Dan Teng , Qian Shi

Generative artificial intelligence models learn probability distributions from data and produce novel samples that capture the salient properties of their training sets. Proteins are particularly attractive for such approaches given their…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2026-02-27 Filippo Stocco , Michele Garibbo , Noelia Ferruz

Proteins underpin most biological function, and the ability to design them with tailored structures and properties is central to advances in biotechnology. Diffusion-based generative models have emerged as powerful tools for protein design,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Erik Hartman , Jonas Wallin , Johan Malmström , Jimmy Olsson

Deep learning has transformed protein design, enabling accurate structure prediction, sequence optimization, and de novo protein generation. Advances in single-chain protein structure prediction via AlphaFold2, RoseTTAFold, ESMFold, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Gregory W. Kyro , Tianyin Qiu , Victor S. Batista

Protein sequence design is a challenging problem in protein engineering, which aims to discover novel proteins with useful biological functions. Directed evolution is a widely-used approach for protein sequence design, which mimics the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Chuanjiao Zong

Through evolution, nature has presented a set of remarkable protein materials, including elastins, silks, keratins and collagens with superior mechanical performances that play crucial roles in mechanobiology. However, going beyond natural…

Materials Science · Physics 2023-12-19 Bo Ni , David L. Kaplan , Markus J. Buehler

Diffusion and flow models have become the dominant paradigm for generative modeling on Riemannian manifolds, with successful applications in protein backbone generation and DNA sequence design. However, these methods require tens to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Dongyeop Woo , Marta Skreta , Seonghyun Park , Kirill Neklyudov , Sungsoo Ahn

We propose Pullback Flow Matching (PFM), a novel framework for generative modeling on data manifolds. Unlike existing methods that assume or learn restrictive closed-form manifold mappings for training Riemannian Flow Matching (RFM) models,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Friso de Kruiff , Erik Bekkers , Ozan Öktem , Carola-Bibiane Schönlieb , Willem Diepeveen

Accurate protein structure prediction from amino-acid sequences is critical to better understanding the protein function. Recent advances in this area largely benefit from more precise inter-residue distance and orientation predictions,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Jiaxiang Wu , Shitong Luo , Tao Shen , Haidong Lan , Sheng Wang , Junzhou Huang

Machine learning (ML)-guided directed evolution is a new paradigm for biological design that enables optimization of complex functions. ML methods use data to predict how sequence maps to function without requiring a detailed model of the…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2019-04-23 Kevin K. Yang , Zachary Wu , Frances H. Arnold

Protein design is a fundamental challenge in biotechnology, aiming to design novel sequences with specific functions within the vast space of possible proteins. Recent advances in deep generative models have enabled function-based protein…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Nuowei Liu , Jiahao Kuang , Yanting Liu , Tao Ji , Changzhi Sun , Man Lan , Yuanbin Wu

Deep learning approaches have produced substantial breakthroughs in fields such as image classification and natural language processing and are making rapid inroads in the area of protein design. Many generative models of proteins have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Alexey Strokach , Philip M. Kim

Innovations like protein diffusion have enabled significant progress in de novo protein design, which is a vital topic in life science. These methods typically depend on protein structure encoders to model residue backbone frames, where…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Weian Mao , Muzhi Zhu , Zheng Sun , Shuaike Shen , Lin Yuanbo Wu , Hao Chen , Chunhua Shen

De novo functional protein design aims to generate protein sequences that realize specified biochemical functions without relying on evolutionary templates, enabling broad applications in biotechnology and medicine. Existing approaches…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2026-05-05 Xinrui Chen , Yizhen Luo , Siqi Fan , Zaiqing Nie

Proteins are essential for almost all biological processes and derive their diverse functions from complex 3D structures, which are in turn determined by their amino acid sequences. In this paper, we exploit the rich biological inductive…