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Addressing both natural and societal challenges requires collective cooperation. Studies on collective-risk social dilemmas have shown that individual decisions are influenced by the perceived risk of collective failure. However, existing…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2026-03-26 Lichen Wang , Shijia Hua , Yuyuan Liu , Liang Zhang , Linjie Liu , Attila Szolnoki

How evolution favors cooperation is a fundamental issue in social and economic systems. In the business world, actively selecting a suitable project is usually helpful for a businessman to be in an advantageous position. By incorporating…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-02-19 Li-Xin Zhong , Wen-Juan Xu , Rong-Da Chen , Yun-Xin He , Tian Qiu , Fei Ren , Yong-Dong Shi , Chen-Yang Zhong

We explore the evolution of cooperation in the framework of the evolutionary game theory using the prisoner's dilemma as metaphor of the problem. We present a minimal model taking into account the growing process of the systems and…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2015-06-03 Ignacio Gomez Portillo

Evolutionary dynamics can be studied in well-mixed or structured populations. Population structure typically arises from the heterogeneous distribution of individuals in physical space or on social networks. Here we introduce a new type of…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2009-06-04 Tibor Antal , Hisashi Ohtsuki , John Wakeley , Peter D. Taylor , Martin A. Nowak

Large Language Models (LLMs) have increasingly been utilized in social simulations, where they are often guided by carefully crafted instructions to stably exhibit human-like behaviors during simulations. Nevertheless, we doubt the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Zengqing Wu , Run Peng , Shuyuan Zheng , Qianying Liu , Xu Han , Brian Inhyuk Kwon , Makoto Onizuka , Shaojie Tang , Chuan Xiao

Motivated by the fact that the same social dilemma can be perceived differently by different players, we here study evolutionary multigames in structured populations. While the core game is the weak prisoner's dilemma, a fraction of the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2014-10-10 Zhen Wang , Attila Szolnoki , Matjaz Perc

Evolutionary game theory has provided substantial contributions to explain the emergence of cooperation under unfavourable conditions in ecology, economics, and the social sciences. Recently, inspired by newly available empirical evidence…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-04-09 Jaume Llabrés , Onkar Sadekar , Federico Malizia , Federico Battiston

Strategy changes are an essential part of evolutionary games. Here we introduce a simple rule that, depending on the value of a single parameter $w$, influences the selection of players that are considered as potential sources of the new…

Physics and Society · Physics 2010-08-16 Zhen Wang , Matjaz Perc

Elucidating the mechanisms that lead to cooperation is still one of the main scientific challenges of current times, as many common cooperative scenarios remain elusive and at odds with Darwin's natural selection theory. Here, we study…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-07-14 H. Guo , D. Jia , I. Sendiña-Nadal , M. Zhang , Z. Wang , X. Li , K. Alfaro-Bittner , Y. Moreno , S. Boccaletti

In this work, we ask for and answer what makes classical temporal-difference reinforcement learning with epsilon-greedy strategies cooperative. Cooperating in social dilemma situations is vital for animals, humans, and machines. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Wolfram Barfuss , Janusz Meylahn

Previous studies suggest that punishment is a useful way to promote cooperation in the well-mixed public goods game, whereas it still lacks specific evidence that punishment maintains cooperation in spatial prisoner's dilemma game as well.…

Physics and Society · Physics 2011-03-08 Qing Jin , Zhen Wang , Zhen Wang , Yi-Ling Wang

The evolution of cooperation has been a perennial problem for evolutionary biology because cooperation is undermined by selfish cheaters (or "free riders") that profit from cooperators but do not invest any resources themselves. In a purely…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2010-12-17 Arend Hintze , Christoph Adami

One of the most direct human mechanisms of promoting cooperation is rewarding it. We study the effect of sharing a reward among cooperators in the most stringent form of social dilemma, namely the Prisoner's Dilemma. Specifically, for a…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2012-02-02 J. A. Cuesta , R. Jimenez , H. Lugo , A. Sanchez

We introduce a mathematical model that combines the concepts of complex contagion with payoff-biased imitation, to describe how social behaviors spread through a population. Traditional models of social learning by imitation are based on…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-01-13 Hiroaki Chiba-Okabe , Joshua B. Plotkin

Understanding cooperation in social dilemmas requires models that capture the complexity of real-world interactions. While network frameworks have provided valuable insights to model the evolution of cooperation, they are unable to encode…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-07-15 Onkar Sadekar , Andrea Civilini , Vito Latora , Federico Battiston

We study the evolution of cooperation in spatial public goods games with four competing strategies: cooperators, defectors, punishing cooperators, and punishing defectors. To explore the robustness of the cooperation-promoting effect of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2010-05-26 Dirk Helbing , Attila Szolnoki , Matjaz Perc , Gyorgy Szabo

We propose a model of emergence of cooperation in evolutionary games that high- lights the role of network formation and effect of network structure. In line with empirical data, the model proposes a mechanism that explains the persistence…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2008-12-14 David Chavalarias

Population structure and spatial heterogeneity are integral components of evolutionary dynamics, in general, and of evolution of cooperation, in particular. Structure can promote the emergence of cooperation in some populations and suppress…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2017-10-10 Yu-Ting Chen , Alex McAvoy , Martin A. Nowak

Understanding the emergence and stability of cooperation in public goods games is important due to its applications in fields such as biology, economics, and social science. However, a gap remains in comprehending how mutations, both…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-04-09 Nataliya A. Balabanova , Manh Hong Duong , The Anh Han

This paper investigates the evolution of strategic play where players drawn from a finite well-mixed population are offered the opportunity to play in a public goods game. All players accept the offer. However, due to the possibility of…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2017-09-14 Alexander G. Ginsberg , Feng Fu