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``Benign overfitting'', the ability of certain algorithms to interpolate noisy training data and yet perform well out-of-sample, has been a topic of considerable recent interest. We show, using a fixed design setup, that an important class…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-14 Daniel Beaglehole , Mikhail Belkin , Parthe Pandit

The phenomenon of benign overfitting, where a trained neural network perfectly fits noisy training data but still achieves near-optimal test performance, has been extensively studied in recent years for linear models and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Roey Magen , Shuning Shang , Zhiwei Xu , Spencer Frei , Wei Hu , Gal Vardi

Transfer learning is a critical part of real-world machine learning deployments and has been extensively studied in experimental works with overparameterized neural networks. However, even in the simplest setting of linear regression a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Neil Mallinar , Austin Zane , Spencer Frei , Bin Yu

The practical success of deep learning has led to the discovery of several surprising phenomena. One of these phenomena, that has spurred intense theoretical research, is ``benign overfitting'': deep neural networks seem to generalize well…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Ichiro Hashimoto , Stanislav Volgushev , Piotr Zwiernik

"Benign overfitting", where classifiers memorize noisy training data yet still achieve a good generalization performance, has drawn great attention in the machine learning community. To explain this surprising phenomenon, a series of works…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-03 Jinghui Chen , Yuan Cao , Quanquan Gu

The literature on "benign overfitting" in overparameterized models has been mostly restricted to regression or binary classification; however, modern machine learning operates in the multiclass setting. Motivated by this discrepancy, we…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-07-13 Ke Wang , Vidya Muthukumar , Christos Thrampoulidis

The over-parameterized models attract much attention in the era of data science and deep learning. It is empirically observed that although these models, e.g. deep neural networks, over-fit the training data, they can still achieve small…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-09-27 Yue Xing , Qifan Song , Guang Cheng

Modern machine learning models with a large number of parameters often generalize well despite perfectly interpolating noisy training data - a phenomenon known as benign overfitting. A foundational explanation for this in linear…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-18 Yuta Kondo

Deep learning is renowned for its theory-practice gap, whereby principled theory typically fails to provide much beneficial guidance for implementation in practice. This has been highlighted recently by the benign overfitting phenomenon:…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-11-14 Liam Hodgkinson , Chris van der Heide , Robert Salomone , Fred Roosta , Michael W. Mahoney

In deep learning, often the training process finds an interpolator (a solution with 0 training loss), but the test loss is still low. This phenomenon, known as benign overfitting, is a major mystery that received a lot of recent attention.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Mo Zhou , Rong Ge

In a regression model, we write the Nadaraya-Watson estimator of the regression function as the quotient of two kernel estimators, and propose a bandwidth selection method for both the numerator and the denominator. We prove risk bounds for…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-05-10 Fabienne Comte , Nicolas Marie

A continuing mystery in understanding the empirical success of deep neural networks is their ability to achieve zero training error and generalize well, even when the training data is noisy and there are more parameters than data points. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-10 Vidya Muthukumar , Kailas Vodrahalli , Vignesh Subramanian , Anant Sahai

Transfer learning is a key component of modern machine learning, enhancing the performance of target tasks by leveraging diverse data sources. Simultaneously, overparameterized models such as the minimum-$\ell_2$-norm interpolator (MNI) in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-19 Yeichan Kim , Ilmun Kim , Seyoung Park

The Nadaraya-Watson kernel estimator is among the most popular nonparameteric regression technique thanks to its simplicity. Its asymptotic bias has been studied by Rosenblatt in 1969 and has been reported in a number of related literature.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-01-31 Samuele Tosatto , Riad Akrour , Jan Peters

Textbook wisdom advocates for smooth function fits and implies that interpolation of noisy data should lead to poor generalization. A related heuristic is that fitting parameters should be fewer than measurements (Occam's Razor).…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-02 Partha P Mitra

Meta-learning has arisen as a successful method for improving training performance by training over many similar tasks, especially with deep neural networks (DNNs). However, the theoretical understanding of when and why overparameterized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Peizhong Ju , Yingbin Liang , Ness B. Shroff

This paper deals with a nonparametric Nadaraya-Watson (NW) estimator of the transition density function computed from independent continuous observations of a diffusion process. A risk bound is established on this estimator. The paper also…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-28 Nicolas Marie , Ousmane Sacko

Shepard method is a fast algorithm that has been classically used to interpolate scattered data in several dimensions. This is an important and well-known technique in numerical analysis founded in the main idea that data that is far away…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-12-04 David Levin , José M. Ramón , Juan Ruiz-Alvarez , Dionisio F. Yáñez

Benign overfitting refers to the phenomenon where an over-parameterized model fits the training data perfectly, including noise in the data, but still generalizes well to the unseen test data. While prior work provides some theoretical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Shange Tang , Jiayun Wu , Jianqing Fan , Chi Jin

Deep, overparameterized regression models are notorious for their tendency to overfit. This problem is exacerbated in heteroskedastic models, which predict both mean and residual noise for each data point. At one extreme, these models fit…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-02-15 Eliot Wong-Toi , Alex Boyd , Vincent Fortuin , Stephan Mandt