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Music has a unique and complex structure which is challenging for both expert humans and existing AI systems to understand, and presents unique challenges relative to other forms of audio. We present LLark, an instruction-tuned multimodal…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Josh Gardner , Simon Durand , Daniel Stoller , Rachel M. Bittner

Translating visual data into natural language is essential for machines to understand the world and interact with humans. In this work, a comprehensive study is conducted on video paragraph captioning, with the goal to generate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Qinyu Li , Tengpeng Li , Hanli Wang , Chang Wen Chen

Metaphor and humor share a lot of common ground, and metaphor is one of the most common humorous mechanisms. This study focuses on the humorous capacity of multimodal metaphors, which has not received due attention in the community. We take…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Xiaoyu Tong , Zhi Zhang , Pia Sommerauer , Martha Lewis , Ekaterina Shutova

This work investigates descriptive captions as an additional source of supervision for biological multimodal foundation models. Images and captions can be viewed as complementary samples from the latent morphospace of a species, each…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Ziheng Zhang , Xinyue Ma , Arpita Chowdhury , Elizabeth G. Campolongo , Matthew J. Thompson , Net Zhang , Samuel Stevens , Hilmar Lapp , Tanya Berger-Wolf , Yu Su , Wei-Lun Chao , Jianyang Gu

We propose StyleCap, a method to generate natural language descriptions of speaking styles appearing in speech. Although most of conventional techniques for para-/non-linguistic information recognition focus on the category classification…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Kazuki Yamauchi , Yusuke Ijima , Yuki Saito

Recent advances in image captioning have focused on scaling the data and model size, substantially increasing the cost of pre-training and finetuning. As an alternative to large models, we present SmallCap, which generates a caption…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-30 Rita Ramos , Bruno Martins , Desmond Elliott , Yova Kementchedjhieva

Symbolic music research has relied almost exclusively on MIDI-based datasets; text-based engraving formats such as LilyPond remain unexplored for music understanding. We present BMdataset, a musicologically curated dataset of 393 LilyPond…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Matteo Spanio , Ilay Guler , Antonio Rodà

In this study, we introduce YODAS (YouTube-Oriented Dataset for Audio and Speech), a large-scale, multilingual dataset comprising currently over 500k hours of speech data in more than 100 languages, sourced from both labeled and unlabeled…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Xinjian Li , Shinnosuke Takamichi , Takaaki Saeki , William Chen , Sayaka Shiota , Shinji Watanabe

In biomedical vision-language modeling, datasets are typically mined from scientific literature, pairing compound figures with captions that are short, context-dependent, and oftern partially informative. Prior work on subfigure extraction…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Negin Baghbanzadeh , Mohammed Saidul Islam , Sajad Ashkezari , Elham Dolatabadi , Arash Afkanpour

Video captioning can be used to assess the video understanding capabilities of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). However, existing benchmarks and evaluation protocols suffer from crucial issues, such as inadequate or homogeneous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Linhao Yu , Xinguang Ji , Yahui Liu , Fanheng Kong , Chenxi Sun , Jingyuan Zhang , Hongzhi Zhang , V. W. , Fuzheng Zhang , Deyi Xiong

It has been a longstanding goal within image captioning to move beyond a dependence on object detection. We investigate using superpixels coupled with Vision Language Models (VLMs) to bridge the gap between detector-based captioning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Henry Senior , Luca Rossi , Gregory Slabaugh , Shanxin Yuan

Automatically translating images to texts involves image scene understanding and language modeling. In this paper, we propose a novel model, termed RefineCap, that refines the output vocabulary of the language decoder using decoder-guided…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-09 Yekun Chai , Shuo Jin , Junliang Xing

We introduce FlexCap, a vision-language model that generates region-specific descriptions of varying lengths. FlexCap is trained to produce length-conditioned captions for input boxes, enabling control over information density, with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Debidatta Dwibedi , Vidhi Jain , Jonathan Tompson , Andrew Zisserman , Yusuf Aytar

We present the first openly available multimodal metaphor annotated corpus. The corpus consists of videos including audio and subtitles that have been annotated by experts. Furthermore, we present a method for detecting metaphors in the new…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2023-01-04 Khalid Alnajjar , Mika Hämäläinen , Shuo Zhang

Instruction-based speech processing is becoming popular. Studies show that training with multiple tasks boosts performance, but collecting diverse, large-scale tasks and datasets is expensive. Thus, it is highly desirable to design a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Chien-yu Huang , Min-Han Shih , Ke-Han Lu , Chi-Yuan Hsiao , Hung-yi Lee

Symbolic music is represented in two distinct forms: two-dimensional, visually intuitive score images, and one-dimensional, standardized text annotation sequences. While large language models have shown extraordinary potential in music,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Mingni Tang , Jiajia Li , Lu Yang , Zhiqiang Zhang , Jinghao Tian , Zuchao Li , Lefei Zhang , Ping Wang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) demonstrate a complex understanding of scenes, benefiting from large-scale and high-quality datasets. Most existing caption datasets lack the ground locations and relations for visual entities.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Xiangtai Li , Tao Zhang , Yanwei Li , Haobo Yuan , Shihao Chen , Yikang Zhou , Jiahao Meng , Yueyi Sun , Shilin Xu , Lu Qi , Tianheng Cheng , Yi Lin , Zilong Huang , Wenhao Huang , Jiashi Feng , Guang Shi

The lack of data tends to limit the outcomes of deep learning research, particularly when dealing with end-to-end learning stacks processing raw data such as waveforms. In this study, 1.2M tracks annotated with musical labels are available…

Sound · Computer Science 2018-06-18 Jordi Pons , Oriol Nieto , Matthew Prockup , Erik Schmidt , Andreas Ehmann , Xavier Serra

Large language models (LLMs)-based image captioning has the capability of describing objects not explicitly observed in training data; yet novel objects occur frequently, necessitating the requirement of sustaining up-to-date object…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Jiaxuan Li , Duc Minh Vo , Akihiro Sugimoto , Hideki Nakayama

An outstanding image-text retrieval model depends on high-quality labeled data. While the builders of existing image-text retrieval datasets strive to ensure that the caption matches the linked image, they cannot prevent a caption from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-02 Xu Yan , Chunhui Ai , Ziqiang Cao , Min Cao , Sujian Li , Wenjie Li , Guohong Fu