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We propose semantic fusion, a lightweight scheme that augments a Transformer language model (LM) with a parallel, fuzzy-membership feature channel that encodes token-level semantics. Each token is represented by a vector of interpretable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Yongchao Huang , Hassan Raza

Task-oriented dialogue (TOD) systems facilitate users in executing various activities via multi-turn dialogues, but Large Language Models (LLMs) often struggle to comprehend these intricate contexts. In this study, we propose a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-25 Haoyu Gao , Ting-En Lin , Hangyu Li , Min Yang , Yuchuan Wu , Wentao Ma , Yongbin Li

Generating humorous memes is a challenging multimodal task that moves beyond direct image-to-caption supervision. It requires a nuanced reasoning over visual content, contextual cues, and subjective humor. To bridge this gap between visual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Xueyan Li , Yingyi Xue , Mengjie Jiang , Qingzi Zhu , Yazhe Niu

Stance Detection (SD) on social media has emerged as a prominent area of interest with implications for social business and political applications thereby garnering escalating research attention within NLP. The inherent subtlety and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Gibson Nkhata , Susan Gauch

Stance Detection (SD) has become a critical area of interest due to its applications in various contexts leading to increased research within NLP. Yet the subtlety and complexity of texts sourced from online platforms often containing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Gibson Nkhata Shi Yin Hong , Susan Gauch

Turn-taking, aiming to decide when the next speaker can start talking, is an essential component in building human-robot spoken dialogue systems. Previous studies indicate that multimodal cues can facilitate this challenging task. However,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-22 Jiudong Yang , Peiying Wang , Yi Zhu , Mingchao Feng , Meng Chen , Xiaodong He

The use of irony and sarcasm in social media allows us to study them at scale for the first time. However, their diversity has made it difficult to construct a high-quality corpus of sarcasm in dialogue. Here, we describe the process of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-09-19 Shereen Oraby , Vrindavan Harrison , Lena Reed , Ernesto Hernandez , Ellen Riloff , Marilyn Walker

Multimodal sarcasm understanding is a high-order cognitive task. Although large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive performance on many downstream NLP tasks, growing evidence suggests that they struggle with sarcasm understanding.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Yazhou Zhang , Chunwang Zou , Bo Wang , Jing Qin , Prayag Tiwari

The automated detection of sexism in memes is a challenging task due to multimodal ambiguity, cultural nuance, and the use of humor to provide plausible deniability. Content-only models often fail to capture the complexity of human…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Iván Arcos , Paolo Rosso , Elena Gomis-Vicent

With the increased use of social media platforms by people across the world, many new interesting NLP problems have come into existence. One such being the detection of sarcasm in the social media texts. We present a corpus of tweets for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-17 Akshita Aggarwal , Anshul Wadhawan , Anshima Chaudhary , Kavita Maurya

Sarcasm detection remains a significant challenge due to its reliance on nuanced contextual understanding, world knowledge, and multi-faceted linguistic cues that vary substantially across different sarcastic expressions. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Ziyang Zhou , Ziqi Liu , Yan Wang , Yiming Lin , Yangbin Chen

Understanding various humour styles is essential for comprehending the multifaceted nature of humour and its impact on fields such as psychology and artificial intelligence. This understanding has revealed that humour, depending on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Mary Ogbuka Kenneth , Foaad Khosmood , Abbas Edalat

Human communication often involves the use of verbal irony or sarcasm, where the speakers usually mean the opposite of what they say. To better understand how verbal irony is expressed by the speaker and interpreted by the hearer we conduct…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-12 Debanjan Ghosh , Elena Musi , Kartikeya Upasani , Smaranda Muresan

We introduce MoS (Mixture of States), a novel fusion paradigm for multimodal diffusion models that merges modalities using flexible, state-based interactions. The core of MoS is a learnable, token-wise router that creates denoising…

Detecting sarcasm and verbal irony is critical for understanding people's actual sentiments and beliefs. Thus, the field of sarcasm analysis has become a popular research problem in natural language processing. As the community working on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-08 Debanjan Ghosh , Avijit Vajpayee , Smaranda Muresan

Multimodal sarcasm detection requires reasoning over cross-modal incongruities between literal expression and intended meaning, yet the specific analytical perspectives needed vary across samples due to the diversity of sarcastic…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Yingjia Xu , Jiulong Wu , Bowen Zhang , Baokui Guo , Siyuan Chai , Min Cao

Existing sarcasm detection systems focus on exploiting linguistic markers, context, or user-level priors. However, social studies suggest that the relationship between the author and the audience can be equally relevant for the sarcasm…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-11 Joan Plepi , Lucie Flek

Target speaker extraction, which aims at extracting a target speaker's voice from a mixture of voices using audio, visual or locational clues, has received much interest. Recently an audio-visual target speaker extraction has been proposed…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-03 Hiroshi Sato , Tsubasa Ochiai , Keisuke Kinoshita , Marc Delcroix , Tomohiro Nakatani , Shoko Araki

Sentiment classification and sarcasm detection are both important natural language processing (NLP) tasks. Sentiment is always coupled with sarcasm where intensive emotion is expressed. Nevertheless, most literature considers them as two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-03-12 Navonil Majumder , Soujanya Poria , Haiyun Peng , Niyati Chhaya , Erik Cambria , Alexander Gelbukh

Automated predictions require explanations to be interpretable by humans. Past work used attention and rationale mechanisms to find words that predict the target variable of a document. Often though, they result in a tradeoff between noisy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-22 Diego Antognini , Claudiu Musat , Boi Faltings