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Large language models (LLMs) have shown significant progress in reasoning tasks. However, recent studies show that transformers and LLMs fail catastrophically once reasoning problems exceed modest complexity. We revisit these findings…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Revanth Rameshkumar , Jimson Huang , Yunxin Sun , Fei Xia , Abulhair Saparov

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in tasks requiring complex reasoning, such as code generation, mathematical problem solving, and algorithmic synthesis -- especially when aided by reasoning tokens and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Jaechul Roh , Varun Gandhi , Shivani Anilkumar , Arin Garg

Large reasoning models (LRMs) achieve strong performance on mathematical reasoning tasks, often attributed to their capability to generate explicit chain-of-thought (CoT) explanations. However, recent work shows that LRMs often arrive at…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Yihong Liu , Raoyuan Zhao , Hinrich Schütze , Michael A. Hedderich

Large Audio Language Models (LALMs), powered by the chain-of-thought (CoT) paradigm, have shown remarkable reasoning capabilities. Intuitively, different problems often require varying depths of reasoning. While some methods can determine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Zhichao Sheng , Shilin Zhou , Chen Gong , Zhenghua Li

Recent Large Reasoning Models (LRMs), such as DeepSeek-R1 and OpenAI o1, have demonstrated strong performance gains by scaling up the length of Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning during inference. However, a growing concern lies in their…

Recently, DeepSeek-R1 (671B) (DeepSeek-AIet al., 2025) has demonstrated its excellent reasoning ability in complex tasks and has publiclyshared its methodology. This provides potentially high-quality chain-of-thought (CoT) data for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Qianjin Yu , Keyu Wu , Zihan Chen , Chushu Zhang , Manlin Mei , Lingjun Huang , Fang Tan , Yongsheng Du , Kunlin Liu , Yurui Zhu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive performance on complex tasks through Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning. However, conventional CoT relies on explicitly verbalized intermediate steps, which constrains its broader…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Xinghao Chen , Anhao Zhao , Heming Xia , Xuan Lu , Hanlin Wang , Yanjun Chen , Wei Zhang , Jian Wang , Wenjie Li , Xiaoyu Shen

Large Language Models (LLMs) can achieve strong performance on many tasks by producing step-by-step reasoning before giving a final output, often referred to as chain-of-thought reasoning (CoT). It is tempting to interpret these CoT…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Miles Turpin , Julian Michael , Ethan Perez , Samuel R. Bowman

Large language models (LLMs) can effectively handle outdated information through knowledge editing. However, current approaches face two key limitations: (I) Poor generalization: Most approaches rigidly inject new knowledge without ensuring…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Jinhu Fu , Yan Bai , Longzhu He , Yihang Lou , Yanxiao Zhao , Li Sun , Sen Su

Recent large reasoning models such as DeepSeek-R1 exhibit strong complex problems solving abilities by generating long chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning steps. It is challenging to directly train small language models (SLMs) to emerge long…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Zhaoyang Wang , Jinqi Jiang , Tian Qiu , Hui Liu , Xianfeng Tang , Huaxiu Yao

Large language models (LLMs) perform better when they produce step-by-step, "Chain-of-Thought" (CoT) reasoning before answering a question, but it is unclear if the stated reasoning is a faithful explanation of the model's actual reasoning…

Despite their strengths, large language models (LLMs) often fail to communicate their confidence accurately, making it difficult to assess when they might be wrong and limiting their reliability. In this work, we demonstrate that reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Dongkeun Yoon , Seungone Kim , Sohee Yang , Sunkyoung Kim , Soyeon Kim , Yongil Kim , Eunbi Choi , Yireun Kim , Minjoon Seo

Chain-of-thought (CoT), tree-of-thought (ToT), and related techniques work surprisingly well in practice for some complex reasoning tasks with Large Language Models (LLMs), but why? This work seeks the underlying reasons by conducting…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Liwei Kang , Zirui Zhao , David Hsu , Wee Sun Lee

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown great potential in supporting automated code review due to their impressive capabilities in context understanding and reasoning. However, these capabilities are still limited compared to human-level…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Yongda Yu , Guohao Shi , Xianwei Wu , Haochuan He , XueMing Gu , Qianqian Zhao , Kui Liu , Qiushi Wang , Zhao Tian , Haifeng Shen , Guoping Rong

The paradigm shift in large language models (LLMs) from instinctive responses to chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning has fueled two prevailing assumptions: (1) reasoning capabilities only emerge in sufficiently large models, and (2) such…

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities in handling complex tasks through long-chain reasoning. However, the extensive reasoning steps involved can significantly increase computational costs, posing challenges for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Yunhao Wang , Yuhao Zhang , Tinghao Yu , Can Xu , Feng Zhang , Fengzong Lian

A practical approach to activate long chain-of-thoughts reasoning ability in pre-trained large language models is to perform supervised fine-tuning on instruction datasets synthesized by strong Large Reasoning Models such as DeepSeek-R1,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Cehao Yang , Xueyuan Lin , Xiaojun Wu , Chengjin Xu , Xuhui Jiang , Honghao Liu , Hui Xiong , Jian Guo

The emergence of large reasoning models (LRMs) has transformed Natural Language Processing by excelling in complex tasks such as mathematical problem-solving and code generation. These models leverage chain-of-thought (CoT) processes,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Wenrui Cai , Chengyu Wang , Junbing Yan , Jun Huang , Xiangzhong Fang

Recently, O1-like models have emerged as representative examples, illustrating the effectiveness of long chain-of-thought (CoT) in reasoning tasks such as math and coding tasks. In this paper, we introduce DRT, an attempt to bring the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Jiaan Wang , Fandong Meng , Yunlong Liang , Jie Zhou

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) like o1 and DeepSeek-R1 have shown remarkable progress in natural language reasoning with long chain-of-thought (CoT), yet they remain inefficient or inaccurate when handling complex mathematical operations.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Chengpeng Li , Zhengyang Tang , Ziniu Li , Mingfeng Xue , Keqin Bao , Tian Ding , Ruoyu Sun , Benyou Wang , Xiang Wang , Junyang Lin , Dayiheng Liu