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The sampling of probability distributions specified up to a normalization constant is an important problem in both machine learning and statistical mechanics. While classical stochastic sampling methods such as Markov Chain Monte Carlo…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-10-27 Hao Wu , Jonas Köhler , Frank Noé

Diffusion models and flow-matching models have enabled generating diverse and realistic images by learning to transfer noise to data. However, sampling from these models involves iterative denoising over many neural network passes, making…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Kevin Frans , Danijar Hafner , Sergey Levine , Pieter Abbeel

We introduce neural particle smoothing, a sequential Monte Carlo method for sampling annotations of an input string from a given probability model. In contrast to conventional particle filtering algorithms, we train a proposal distribution…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-01 Chu-Cheng Lin , Jason Eisner

Consistency models imitate the multi-step sampling of score-based diffusion in a single forward pass of a neural network. They can be learned in two ways: consistency distillation and consistency training. The former relies on the true…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Thibaut Issenhuth , Sangchul Lee , Ludovic Dos Santos , Jean-Yves Franceschi , Chansoo Kim , Alain Rakotomamonjy

Flow matching has recently emerged as a promising alternative to diffusion-based generative models, offering faster sampling and simpler training by learning continuous flows governed by ordinary differential equations. Despite growing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Mudit Gaur , Prashant Trivedi , Shuchin Aeron , Amrit Singh Bedi , George K. Atia , Vaneet Aggarwal

Tuning of measurement models is challenging in real-world applications of sequential Monte Carlo methods. Recent advances in differentiable particle filters have led to various efforts to learn measurement models through neural networks.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Xiongjie Chen , Yunpeng Li

Stochastic differential equations (SDEs) are well suited to modelling noisy and irregularly sampled time series found in finance, physics, and machine learning. Traditional approaches require costly numerical solvers to sample between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Naoki Kiyohara , Edward Johns , Yingzhen Li

The problem of optimising functions with intractable gradients frequently arise in machine learning and statistics, ranging from maximum marginal likelihood estimation procedures to fine-tuning of generative models. Stochastic approximation…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-30 James Cuin , Davide Carbone , Yanbo Tang , O. Deniz Akyildiz

Sampling from unnormalised discrete distributions is a fundamental problem across various domains. While Markov chain Monte Carlo offers a principled approach, it often suffers from slow mixing and poor convergence. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Zijing Ou , Ruixiang Zhang , Yingzhen Li

Many real-world applications of flow-based generative models desire a diverse set of samples that cover multiple modes of the target distribution. However, the predominant approach for obtaining diverse sets is not sample-efficient, as it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Mashrur M. Morshed , Vishnu Boddeti

The quantification of uncertainty on fluid flow in porous media is often hampered by multi-scale heterogeneity and insufficient site characterization. Monte-Carlo simulation (MCS), which runs numerical simulations for a large number of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-16 Hyung Jun Yang , Timothy Yeo , Jaewoo An

Particle methods play an important role in computational fluid dynamics, but they are among the most difficult to implement and solve. The most common method is smoothed particle hydrodynamics, which is suitable for problem settings that…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-08-26 Masato Shibukawa , Naoya Ozaki , Maximilien Berthet

From Physics and Biology to Seismology and Economics, the behaviour of countless systems is determined by impactful yet unlikely transitions between metastable states known as \emph{rare events}, the study of which is essential for…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-07-22 Solomon Asghar , Qing-Xiang Pei , Giorgio Volpe , Ran Ni

The task of learning a diffusion-based neural sampler for drawing samples from an unnormalized target distribution can be viewed as a stochastic optimal control problem on path measures. However, the training of neural samplers can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Wei Guo , Jaemoo Choi , Yuchen Zhu , Molei Tao , Yongxin Chen

Sampling from unnormalized densities is analogous to the generative modeling problem, but the target distribution is defined by a known energy function instead of data samples. Because evaluating the energy function is often costly, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Aaron Havens , Brian Karrer , Neta Shaul

Deploying lightweight medical image segmentation models on edge devices presents two major challenges: 1) efficiently handling the stark contrast between lesion boundaries and background regions, and 2) the sharp drop in accuracy that…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-11 Zidong Chen , Fadratul Hafinaz Hassan

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is the main approach to analyzing flow field. However, the convergence and accuracy depend largely on mathematical models of flow, numerical methods, and time consumption. Deep learning-based analysis of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Chang Liu

Numerical simulators are essential tools in the study of natural fluid-systems, but their performance often limits application in practice. Recent machine-learning approaches have demonstrated their ability to accelerate spatio-temporal…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2022-05-06 Mario Lino , Stathi Fotiadis , Anil A. Bharath , Chris Cantwell

Accurate simulation of fluid flow in porous media is challenging due to complex pore-space geometries and the computational cost of solving the Navier-Stokes equations. This difficulty is particularly important when repeated simulations are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Rafał Topolnicki , Paweł Dłotko , Maciej Matyka

We tackle the problem of sampling from intractable high-dimensional density functions, a fundamental task that often appears in machine learning and statistics. We extend recent sampling-based approaches that leverage controlled stochastic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Dinghuai Zhang , Ricky T. Q. Chen , Cheng-Hao Liu , Aaron Courville , Yoshua Bengio
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