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Catastrophic forgetting is the primary challenge that hinders continual learning, which refers to a neural network ability to sequentially learn multiple tasks while retaining previously acquired knowledge. Elastic Weight Consolidation, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Brandon Shuen Yi Loke , Filippo Quadri , Gabriel Vivanco , Maximilian Casagrande , Saúl Fenollosa

Efficient continual learning techniques have been a topic of significant research over the last few years. A fundamental problem with such learning is severe degradation of performance on previously learned tasks, known also as catastrophic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Tammuz Dubnov , Vishal Thengane

The stability-plasticity dilemma is a major challenge in continual learning, as it involves balancing the conflicting objectives of maintaining performance on previous tasks while learning new tasks. In this paper, we propose the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Haneol Kang , Dong-Wan Choi

In this work, we study the problem of continual learning (CL) where the goal is to learn a model on a sequence of tasks, such that the data from the previous tasks becomes unavailable while learning on the current task data. CL is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Imad Eddine Marouf , Subhankar Roy , Enzo Tartaglione , Stéphane Lathuilière

The ability of neural networks (NNs) to learn and remember multiple tasks sequentially is facing tough challenges in achieving general artificial intelligence due to their catastrophic forgetting (CF) issues. Fortunately, the latest OWM…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-22 Yanni Li , Bing Liu , Kaicheng Yao , Xiaoli Kou , Pengfan Lv , Yueshen Xu , Jiangtao Cui

Rehearsal-based methods have shown superior performance in addressing catastrophic forgetting in continual learning (CL) by storing and training on a subset of past data alongside new data in current task. While such a concurrent rehearsal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Junze Deng , Qinhang Wu , Peizhong Ju , Sen Lin , Yingbin Liang , Ness Shroff

Catastrophic forgetting is a pervasive issue for pre-trained language models (PLMs) during continual learning, where models lose previously acquired knowledge when sequentially trained on a series of tasks. The model's ability to retain old…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Biqing Zeng , Zehan Li , Aladdin Ayesh

Continual Learning (CL) with large-scale pre-trained models (PTMs) has recently gained wide attention, shifting the focus from training from scratch to continually adapting PTMs. This has given rise to a promising paradigm:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Yaoyue Zheng , Yin Zhang , Joost van de Weijer , Gido M van de Ven , Shaoyi Du , Xuetao Zhang , Zhiqiang Tian

In contrast to the natural capabilities of humans to learn new tasks in a sequential fashion, neural networks are known to suffer from catastrophic forgetting, where the model's performances on old tasks drop dramatically after being…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-03 Sanghwan Kim , Lorenzo Noci , Antonio Orvieto , Thomas Hofmann

The goal of continual learning (CL) is to learn a sequence of tasks without suffering from the phenomenon of catastrophic forgetting. Previous work has shown that leveraging memory in the form of a replay buffer can reduce performance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Sayna Ebrahimi , Suzanne Petryk , Akash Gokul , William Gan , Joseph E. Gonzalez , Marcus Rohrbach , Trevor Darrell

Continual learning (CL) has remained a persistent challenge for deep neural networks due to catastrophic forgetting (CF) of previously learned tasks. Several techniques such as weight regularization, experience rehearsal, and parameter…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Preetha Vijayan , Prashant Bhat , Elahe Arani , Bahram Zonooz

Continual Learning (CL) seeks to enable neural networks to incrementally acquire new knowledge (plasticity) while retaining existing knowledge (stability). Although pre-trained models (PTMs) have provided a strong foundation for CL,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Aojun Lu , Tao Feng , Hangjie Yuan , Chunhui Ding , Yanan Sun

Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining (CLIP) models excel at understanding image-text relationships but struggle with adapting to new data without forgetting prior knowledge. To address this, models are typically fine-tuned using both new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Ryan King , Gang Li , Bobak Mortazavi , Tianbao Yang

Continual learning (CL) aims to train models that can learn a sequence of tasks without forgetting previously acquired knowledge. A core challenge in CL is balancing stability -- preserving performance on old tasks -- and plasticity --…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Zhenrong Liu , Janne M. J. Huttunen , Mikko Honkala

In this paper, we focus on a long-term continual learning (CL) task, where a model learns sequentially from a stream of vast tasks over time, acquiring new knowledge while retaining previously learned information in a manner akin to human…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Tianyu Huai , Jie Zhou , Yuxuan Cai , Qin Chen , Wen Wu , Xingjiao Wu , Xipeng Qiu , Liang He

The ability of intelligent agents to learn and remember multiple tasks sequentially is crucial to achieving artificial general intelligence. Many continual learning (CL) methods have been proposed to overcome catastrophic forgetting which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Gehui Shen , Song Zhang , Xiang Chen , Zhi-Hong Deng

Replaying past experiences has proven to be a highly effective approach for averting catastrophic forgetting in supervised continual learning. However, some crucial factors are still largely ignored, making it vulnerable to serious failure,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Tiantian Zhang , Kevin Zehua Shen , Zichuan Lin , Bo Yuan , Xueqian Wang , Xiu Li , Deheng Ye

Machine Learning models in real-world applications must continuously learn new tasks to adapt to shifts in the data-generating distribution. Yet, for Continual Learning (CL), models often struggle to balance learning new tasks (plasticity)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Luckeciano C. Melo , Alessandro Abate , Yarin Gal

Lifelong learning (LL) aims to improve a predictive model as the data source evolves continuously. Most work in this learning paradigm has focused on resolving the problem of 'catastrophic forgetting,' which refers to a notorious dilemma…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-09 Jinghan Jia , Yihua Zhang , Dogyoon Song , Sijia Liu , Alfred Hero

Continual Learning (CL) aims at incrementally learning new tasks without forgetting the knowledge acquired from old ones. Experience Replay (ER) is a simple and effective rehearsal-based strategy, which optimizes the model with current…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Tao Zhuo , Zhiyong Cheng , Zan Gao , Hehe Fan , Mohan Kankanhalli