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In large-scale industrial recommendation systems, retrieval must produce high-quality candidates from massive corpora under strict latency. Recently, Generative Retrieval (GR) has emerged as a viable alternative to Embedding-Based Retrieval…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Zhongchao Yi , Kai Feng , Xiaojian Ma , Yalong Wang , Yongqi Liu , Han Li , Zhengyang Zhou , Yang Wang

Multilingual retrieval-augmented generation (MRAG) requires models to effectively acquire and integrate beneficial external knowledge from multilingual collections. However, most existing studies employ a unitive process where queries of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Rui Qi , Fengran Mo , Yufeng Chen , Xue Zhang , Shuo Wang , Hongliang Li , Jinan Xu , Meng Jiang , Jian-Yun Nie , Kaiyu Huang

We propose Generation-Augmented Retrieval (GAR) for answering open-domain questions, which augments a query through text generation of heuristically discovered relevant contexts without external resources as supervision. We demonstrate that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-10 Yuning Mao , Pengcheng He , Xiaodong Liu , Yelong Shen , Jianfeng Gao , Jiawei Han , Weizhu Chen

In long structured document retrieval, existing methods typically fine-tune pre-trained language models (PLMs) using contrastive learning on datasets lacking explicit structural information. This practice suffers from two critical issues:…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Xinhao Huang , Zhibo Ren , Yipeng Yu , Ying Zhou , Zulong Chen , Zeyi Wen

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have made remarkable achievements in various domains. However, the untimeliness and cost of knowledge updates coupled with hallucination issues of LLMs have curtailed their applications in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Chunjing Gan , Dan Yang , Binbin Hu , Hanxiao Zhang , Siyuan Li , Ziqi Liu , Yue Shen , Lin Ju , Zhiqiang Zhang , Jinjie Gu , Lei Liang , Jun Zhou

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is a framework for grounding Large Language Models (LLMs) in external, up-to-date information. However, recent advancements in context window size allow LLMs to process inputs of up to 128K tokens or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Seongwoong Shim , Myunsoo Kim , Jae Hyeon Cho , Byung-Jun Lee

Retrieval augmented generation (RAG) enhances the accuracy and reliability of generative AI models by sourcing factual information from external databases, which is extensively employed in document-grounded question-answering (QA) tasks.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Yuan Pu , Zhuolun He , Tairu Qiu , Haoyuan Wu , Bei Yu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) significantly improves the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) on knowledge-intensive tasks. However, varying response quality across LLMs under RAG necessitates intelligent routing mechanisms,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Jiarui Zhang , Xiangyu Liu , Yong Hu , Chaoyue Niu , Fan Wu , Guihai Chen

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems commonly use chunking strategies for retrieval, which enhance large language models (LLMs) by enabling them to access external knowledge, ensuring that the retrieved information is up-to-date and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Hai Toan Nguyen , Tien Dat Nguyen , Viet Ha Nguyen

Dense retrieval (DR) has shown promising results in information retrieval. In essence, DR requires high-quality text representations to support effective search in the representation space. Recent studies have shown that pre-trained…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Xinyu Ma , Ruqing Zhang , Jiafeng Guo , Yixing Fan , Xueqi Cheng

Recently, Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has achieved remarkable success in addressing the challenges of Large Language Models (LLMs) without necessitating retraining. By referencing an external knowledge base, RAG refines LLM…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Boci Peng , Yun Zhu , Yongchao Liu , Xiaohe Bo , Haizhou Shi , Chuntao Hong , Yan Zhang , Siliang Tang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) integrates external knowledge with Large Language Models (LLMs) to enhance factual correctness and mitigate hallucination. However, dense retrievers often become the bottleneck of RAG systems due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Yuan Li , Qi Luo , Xiaonan Li , Bufan Li , Qinyuan Cheng , Bo Wang , Yining Zheng , Yuxin Wang , Zhangyue Yin , Xipeng Qiu

Despite the recent advancement in Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems, most retrieval methodologies are often developed for factual retrieval, which assumes query and positive documents are semantically similar. In this paper, we…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Luo Ji , Feixiang Guo , Teng Chen , Qingqing Gu , Xiaoyu Wang , Ningyuan Xi , Yihong Wang , Peng Yu , Yue Zhao , Hongyang Lei , Zhonglin Jiang , Yong Chen

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has shown impressive capability in providing reliable answer predictions and addressing hallucination problems. A typical RAG implementation uses powerful retrieval models to extract external information…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Ziwei Liu , Liang Zhang , Qian Li , Jianghua Wu , Guangxu Zhu

The Differentiable Search Index (DSI) is an emerging paradigm for information retrieval. Unlike traditional retrieval architectures where index and retrieval are two different and separate components, DSI uses a single transformer model to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-07-10 Shengyao Zhuang , Houxing Ren , Linjun Shou , Jian Pei , Ming Gong , Guido Zuccon , Daxin Jiang

Contrastive learning has achieved impressive success in generation tasks to militate the "exposure bias" problem and discriminatively exploit the different quality of references. Existing works mostly focus on contrastive learning on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Mingzhe Li , XieXiong Lin , Xiuying Chen , Jinxiong Chang , Qishen Zhang , Feng Wang , Taifeng Wang , Zhongyi Liu , Wei Chu , Dongyan Zhao , Rui Yan

Large-scale digitization initiatives have unlocked massive collections of historical newspapers, yet effective computational access remains hindered by OCR corruption, multilingual orthographic variation, and temporal language drift. We…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Anthony Mudet , Souhail Bakkali

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enables Large Language Models (LLMs) to extend their existing knowledge by dynamically incorporating external information. However, practical deployment is fundamentally constrained by the LLM's finite…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Jiarui Guo , Yuemeng Xu , Zongwei Lv , Yangyujia Wang , Xiaolin Wang , Kan Liu , Tao Lan , Lin Qu , Tong Yang

Generative information retrieval (IR) has experienced substantial growth across multiple research communities (e.g., information retrieval, computer vision, natural language processing, and machine learning), and has been highly visible in…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Gabriel Bénédict , Ruqing Zhang , Donald Metzler

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by pulling in external material, document, code, manuals, from vast and ever-growing corpora, to effectively answer user queries. The effectiveness of RAG depends…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Yifan Xu , Vipul Gupta , Rohit Aggarwal , Varsha Mahadevan , Bhaskar Krishnamachari