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Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) attack usually refers to the form of long-term, covert and sustained attack on specific targets, with an adversary using advanced attack techniques to destroy the key facilities of an organization. APT…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-20 Tiantian Zhu , Jinkai Yu , Tieming Chen , Jiayu Wang , Jie Ying , Ye Tian , Mingqi Lv , Yan Chen , Yuan Fan , Ting Wang

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) pose a major cybersecurity challenge due to their stealth and ability to mimic normal system behavior, making detection particularly difficult in highly imbalanced datasets. Traditional anomaly detection…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Sidahmed Benabderrahmane , Petko Valtchev , James Cheney , Talal Rahwan

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) have caused significant losses across a wide range of sectors, including the theft of sensitive data and harm to system integrity. As attack techniques grow increasingly sophisticated and stealthy, the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Fei Zuo , Junghwan Rhee , Yung Ryn Choe

An advanced persistent threat (APT) refers to a covert, long-term cyberattack, typically conducted by state-sponsored actors, targeting critical sectors and often remaining undetected for long periods. In response, collective intelligence…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Shakhzod Yuldoshkhujaev , Mijin Jeon , Doowon Kim , Nick Nikiforakis , Hyungjoon Koo

Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) attack, also known as directed threat attack, refers to the continuous and effective attack activities carried out by an organization on a specific object. They are covert, persistent and targeted, which are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-28 Ru Zhang , Wenxin Sun , Jianyi Liu , Jingwen Li , Guan Lei , Han Guo

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) are sophisticated multi-step attacks, planned and executed by skilled adversaries targeting modern government and enterprise networks. Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) and User and Entity Behavior…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-08 Hazem M. Soliman , Geoff Salmon , Dušan Sovilj , Mohan Rao

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) are stealthy customized attacks by intelligent adversaries. This paper deals with the detection of APTs that infiltrate cyber systems and compromise specifically targeted data and/or infrastructures.…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Shana Moothedath , Dinuka Sahabandu , Joey Allen , Andrew Clark , Linda Bushnell , Wenke Lee , Radha Poovendran

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) are difficult to detect due to their "low-and-slow" attack patterns and frequent use of zero-day exploits. We present UNICORN, an anomaly-based APT detector that effectively leverages data provenance…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-01-15 Xueyuan Han , Thomas Pasquier , Adam Bates , James Mickens , Margo Seltzer

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) pose a significant challenge in cybersecurity due to their stealthy and long-term nature. Modern supervised learning methods require extensive labeled data, which is often scarce in real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Sidahmed Benabderrahmane , James Cheney , Talal Rahwan

The rise of advanced persistent threats (APTs) has marked a significant cybersecurity challenge, characterized by sophisticated orchestration, stealthy execution, extended persistence, and targeting valuable assets across diverse sectors.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Yuntao Wang , Han Liu , Zhendong Li , Zhou Su , Jiliang Li

Advanced persistent threats (APTs) are sophisticated cyber attacks that can remain undetected for extended periods, making their mitigation particularly challenging. Given their persistence, significant effort is required to detect them and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Parth Atulbhai Gandhi , Prasanna N. Wudali , Yonatan Amaru , Yuval Elovici , Asaf Shabtai

Advanced persistent threats (APTs) are stealthy attacks which make use of social engineering and deception to give adversaries insider access to networked systems. Against APTs, active defense technologies aim to create and exploit…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-01-24 Jeffrey Pawlick , Thi Thu Hang Nguyen , Edward Colbert , Quanyan Zhu

This paper is devoted to measuring the security of cyber networks under advanced persistent threats (APTs). First, an APT-based cyber attack-defense process is modeled as an individual-level dynamical system. Second, the dynamic model is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-07-13 Lu-Xing Yang , Pengdeng Li , Xiaofan Yang , Luosheng Wen , Yingbo Wu , Yuan Yan Tang

The growing cybersecurity threats make it essential to use high-quality data to train Machine Learning (ML) models for network traffic analysis, without noisy or missing data. By selecting the most relevant features for cyber-attack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-09 João Vitorino , Miguel Silva , Eva Maia , Isabel Praça

APT (Advanced Persistent Threat) with the characteristics of persistence, stealth, and diversity is one of the greatest threats against cyber-infrastructure. As a countermeasure, existing studies leverage provenance graphs to capture the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Mingqi Lv , HongZhe Gao , Xuebo Qiu , Tieming Chen , Tiantian Zhu , Jinyin Chen , Shouling Ji

Advanced persistent threats (APTs) are stealthy and multi-stage, making single-point defenses (e.g., malware- or traffic-based detectors) ill-suited to capture long-range and cross-entity attack semantics. Provenance-graph analysis has…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Mingqi Lv , Shanshan Zhang , Haiwen Liu , Tieming Chen , Tiantian Zhu

The accelerated development of social media websites has posed intricate security issues in cyberspace, where these sites have increasingly become victims of criminal activities including attempts to intrude into them, abnormal traffic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Aditi Sanjay Agrawal

APT detection is difficult to detect due to the long-term latency, covert and slow multistage attack patterns of Advanced Persistent Threat (APT). To tackle these issues, we propose TBDetector, a transformer-based advanced persistent threat…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Nan Wang , Xuezhi Wen , Dalin Zhang , Xibin Zhao , Jiahui Ma , Mengxia Luo , Fan Xu , Sen Nie , Shi Wu , Jiqiang Liu

The development of the DRL model for malware attribution involved extensive research, iterative coding, and numerous adjustments based on the insights gathered from predecessor models and contemporary research papers. This preparatory work…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Animesh Singh Basnet , Mohamed Chahine Ghanem , Dipo Dunsin , Wiktor Sowinski-Mydlarz

APT, known as Advanced Persistent Threat, is a difficult challenge for cyber defence. These threats make many traditional defences ineffective as the vulnerabilities exploited by these threats are insiders who have access to and are within…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-01 Mohammad Mamun , Kevin Shi