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Weakly-supervised semantic segmentation aims to assign category labels to each pixel using weak annotations, significantly reducing manual annotation costs. Although existing methods have achieved remarkable progress in well-lit scenarios,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Chunyan Wang , Dong Zhang , Jinhui Tang

The increasing volume of healthcare textual data requires computationally efficient, yet highly accurate classification approaches able to handle the nuanced and complex nature of medical terminology. This research presents Knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Hajar Sakai , Sarah S. Lam

In several supervised learning scenarios, auxiliary losses are used in order to introduce additional information or constraints into the supervised learning objective. For instance, knowledge distillation aims to mimic outputs of a powerful…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-08 Durga Sivasubramanian , Ayush Maheshwari , Pradeep Shenoy , Prathosh AP , Ganesh Ramakrishnan

Label Distribution Learning (LDL) is a novel machine learning paradigm that addresses the problem of label ambiguity and has found widespread applications. Obtaining complete label distributions in real-world scenarios is challenging, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Zhiqiang Kou , Haoyuan Xuan , Jing Wang , Yuheng Jia , Xin Geng

In web search and recommendation systems, user clicks are widely used to train ranking models. However, click data is heavily biased, i.e., users tend to click higher-ranked items (position bias), choose only what was shown to them…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Haoming Gong , Qingyao Ai , Zhihao Tao , Yongfeng Zhang

A growing specter in the rise of machine learning is whether the decisions made by machine learning models are fair. While research is already underway to formalize a machine-learning concept of fairness and to design frameworks for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-28 Tao Zhang , Tianqing Zhu , Jing Li , Mengde Han , Wanlei Zhou , Philip S. Yu

Computer-aided diagnosis systems must make critical decisions from medical images that are often noisy, ambiguous, or conflicting, yet today's models are trained on overly simplistic labels that ignore diagnostic uncertainty. One-hot labels…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Ang Nan Gu , Michael Tsang , Hooman Vaseli , Purang Abolmaesumi , Teresa Tsang

Quantization-aware training (QAT) and Knowledge Distillation (KD) are combined to achieve competitive performance in creating low-bit deep learning models. However, existing works applying KD to QAT require tedious hyper-parameter tuning to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Kaiqi Zhao , Ming Zhao

Recent advances in large language model (LLM) post-training have leveraged two distinct paradigms to enhance reasoning capabilities: reinforcement learning (RL) and knowledge distillation (KD). While RL enables the emergence of complex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Hongling Xu , Qi Zhu , Heyuan Deng , Jinpeng Li , Lu Hou , Yasheng Wang , Lifeng Shang , Ruifeng Xu , Fei Mi

Self-supervised learning (SSL) is a machine learning approach where the data itself provides supervision, eliminating the need for external labels. The model is forced to learn about the data structure or context by solving a pretext task.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Markus Marks , Manuel Knott , Neehar Kondapaneni , Elijah Cole , Thijs Defraeye , Fernando Perez-Cruz , Pietro Perona

Recent advances in knowledge distillation (KD) have enabled smaller student models to approach the performance of larger teacher models. However, popular methods such as supervised KD and on-policy KD, are adversely impacted by the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Wenda Xu , Rujun Han , Zifeng Wang , Long T. Le , Dhruv Madeka , Lei Li , William Yang Wang , Rishabh Agarwal , Chen-Yu Lee , Tomas Pfister

Consistency regularization-based methods are prevalent in semi-supervised learning (SSL) algorithms due to their exceptional performance. However, they mainly depend on domain-specific data augmentations, which are not usable in domains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-29 Matin Moezzi

Multivariate time-series data in fields like healthcare and industry are informative but challenging due to high dimensionality and lack of labels. Recent self-supervised learning methods excel in learning rich representations without…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Ching Chang , Chiao-Tung Chan , Wei-Yao Wang , Wen-Chih Peng , Tien-Fu Chen

Learning to rank with biased click data is a well-known challenge. A variety of methods has been explored to debias click data for learning to rank such as click models, result interleaving and, more recently, the unbiased learning-to-rank…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-04-25 Qingyao Ai , Keping Bi , Cheng Luo , Jiafeng Guo , W. Bruce Croft

While Knowledge Distillation (KD) has been recognized as a useful tool in many visual tasks, such as supervised classification and self-supervised representation learning, the main drawback of a vanilla KD framework is its mechanism, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Zhiqiang Shen , Eric Xing

Softmax Loss (SL) is being increasingly adopted for recommender systems (RS) as it has demonstrated better performance, robustness and fairness. Yet in implicit-feedback, a single global temperature and equal treatment of uniformly sampled…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Bucher Sahyouni , Matthew Vowels , Liqun Chen , Simon Hadfield

Decentralized federated learning (DFL) realizes cooperative model training among connected clients without relying on a central server, thereby mitigating communication bottlenecks and eliminating the single-point failure issue present in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Xinyang Liu , Pengchao Han , Xuan Li , Bo Liu

Given an unlabeled dataset and an annotation budget, we study how to selectively label a fixed number of instances so that semi-supervised learning (SSL) on such a partially labeled dataset is most effective. We focus on selecting the right…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Xudong Wang , Long Lian , Stella X. Yu

Partially-supervised learning can be challenging for segmentation due to the lack of supervision for unlabeled structures, and the methods directly applying fully-supervised learning could lead to incompatibility, meaning ground truth is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Ke Zhang , Xiahai Zhuang

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) has been proposed to leverage unlabeled data for training powerful models when only limited labeled data is available. While existing SSL methods assume that samples in the labeled and unlabeled data share the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-23 Qing Yu , Daiki Ikami , Go Irie , Kiyoharu Aizawa