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Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures enable conditional computation by routing inputs to multiple expert subnetworks and are often motivated as a mechanism for scaling large language models. In this project, we instead study MoE behavior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Adam Rokah , Daniel Veress , Caleb Caulk , Sourav Sharan

Sparsely-activated Mixture-of-experts (MoE) models allow the number of parameters to greatly increase while keeping the amount of computation for a given token or a given sample unchanged. However, a poor expert routing strategy (e.g. one…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Yanqi Zhou , Tao Lei , Hanxiao Liu , Nan Du , Yanping Huang , Vincent Zhao , Andrew Dai , Zhifeng Chen , Quoc Le , James Laudon

To meet the growing demand for smarter, faster, and more efficient embodied AI solutions, we introduce a novel Mixture-of-Expert (MoE) method that significantly boosts reasoning and learning efficiency for embodied autonomous systems.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Lu Xu , Jiaqian Yu , Xiongfeng Peng , Yiwei Chen , Weiming Li , Jaewook Yoo , Sunghyun Chunag , Dongwook Lee , Daehyun Ji , Chao Zhang

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) activates only a subset of experts during inference, allowing the model to maintain low inference FLOPs and latency even as the parameter count scales up. However, since MoE dynamically selects the experts, all the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Shibo Jie , Yehui Tang , Kai Han , Yitong Li , Duyu Tang , Zhi-Hong Deng , Yunhe Wang

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models mostly use a router to assign tokens to specific expert modules, activating only partial parameters and often outperforming dense models. We argue that the separation between the router's decision-making and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Ang Lv , Ruobing Xie , Yining Qian , Songhao Wu , Xingwu Sun , Zhanhui Kang , Di Wang , Rui Yan

The Mixture of Experts (MoE) selects a few feed-forward networks (FFNs) per token, achieving an effective trade-off between computational cost and performance. In conventional MoE, each expert is treated as entirely independent, and experts…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Shota Takashiro , Takeshi Kojima , Shohei Taniguchi , Yusuke Iwasawa , Yutaka Matsuo

The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) technique can scale up the model size of Transformers with an affordable computational overhead. We point out that existing learning-to-route MoE methods suffer from the routing fluctuation issue, i.e., the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Damai Dai , Li Dong , Shuming Ma , Bo Zheng , Zhifang Sui , Baobao Chang , Furu Wei

Sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models scale capacity by routing each token to a small subset of experts. However, their routers exhibit a fundamental trade-off: strong load balancing can suppress expert specialization, while aggressive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Gleb Molodtsov , Alexander Miasnikov , Aleksandr Beznosikov

Sparse Mixture of Experts (SMoE) enables efficient training of large language models by routing input tokens to a select number of experts. However, training SMoE remains challenging due to the issue of representation collapse. Recent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Giang Do , Hung Le , Truyen Tran

As the era of big data arrives, traditional artificial intelligence algorithms have difficulty processing the demands of massive and diverse data. Mixture of experts (MoE) has shown excellent performance and broad application prospects.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Wensheng Gan , Zhenyao Ning , Zhenlian Qi , Philip S. Yu

Mixture of Experts (MoE) architectures increase large language model scalability, yet their performance depends on the router module that moves tokens to specialized experts. Bad routing can load imbalance and reduced accuracy. This project…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Daniel Fidel Harvey , George Weale , Berk Yilmaz

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has emerged as a prominent architecture for scaling model size while maintaining computational efficiency. In MoE, each token in the input sequence activates a different subset of experts determined by a routing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Chufan Shi , Cheng Yang , Xinyu Zhu , Jiahao Wang , Taiqiang Wu , Siheng Li , Deng Cai , Yujiu Yang , Yu Meng

This paper introduces the "Uncertainty-aware Mixture of Experts" (uMoE), a novel solution aimed at addressing aleatoric uncertainty within Neural Network (NN) based predictive models. While existing methodologies primarily concentrate on…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-04-26 Lucas Luttner

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures have emerged as a promising approach to scale Large Language Models (LLMs). MoE boosts the efficiency by activating a subset of experts per token. Recent works show that fine-grained experts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Zheyue Tan , Zhiyuan Li , Tao Yuan , Dong Zhou , Weilin Liu , Yueqing Zhuang , Yadong Li , Guowei Niu , Cheng Qin , Zhuyu Yao , Congyi Liu , Haiyang Xu , Boxun Li , Guohao Dai , Bo Zhao , Yu Wang

The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) layer, a sparsely-activated model controlled by a router, has achieved great success in deep learning. However, the understanding of such architecture remains elusive. In this paper, we formally study how the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-05 Zixiang Chen , Yihe Deng , Yue Wu , Quanquan Gu , Yuanzhi Li

A long-cherished vision in robotics is to equip robots with skills that match the versatility and precision of humans. For example, when playing table tennis, a robot should be capable of returning the ball in various ways while precisely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Onur Celik , Dongzhuoran Zhou , Ge Li , Philipp Becker , Gerhard Neumann

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) Large Language Models (LLMs) face a trilemma of load imbalance, parameter redundancy, and communication overhead. We introduce a unified framework based on dynamic expert clustering and structured compression to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Peijun Zhu , Ning Yang , Baoliang Tian , Jiayu Wei , Weihao Zhang , Haijun Zhang , Pin Lv

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures have emerged as a leading paradigm for scaling large language models through sparse, routing-based computation. However, this design introduces a new attack surface: the routing mechanism that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Zekun Fei , Zihao Wang , Weijie Liu , Ruiqi He , Jianing Geng , Zheli Liu , XiaoFeng Wang

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models have shown promising potential for parameter-efficient scaling across domains. However, their application to image classification remains limited, often requiring billion-scale datasets to be competitive. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Mathurin Videau , Alessandro Leite , Marc Schoenauer , Olivier Teytaud

Recent large language models (LLMs) have tended to leverage sparsity to reduce computations, employing the sparsely activated mixture-of-experts (MoE) technique. MoE introduces four modules, including token routing, token communication,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Xinglin Pan , Wenxiang Lin , Lin Zhang , Shaohuai Shi , Zhenheng Tang , Rui Wang , Bo Li , Xiaowen Chu
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