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An ultrafast photoemission-based low-energy electron diffraction experiment with monolayer surface sensitivity is presented. In a first experiment on tin-phthalocyanine adsorbed on graphite, we demonstrate a time resolution of approx. 100…
Transient grating spectroscopy has become a mainstay among metal and semiconductor characterization techniques. Here we extend the technique towards the shortest achievable timescales by using tabletop high-harmonic generation of attosecond…
Attosecond science promises to reveal the most fundamental electronic dynamics occurring in matter and it can develop further by meeting two linked technological goals related to high-order harmonic sources: higher photon flux (permitting…
Attosecond pulses are fundamental for the investigation of valence and core-electron dynamics on their natural timescale. At present the reproducible generation and characterisation of attosecond waveforms has been demonstrated only through…
The precision measurement of real-time electron temporal profiles is crucial for advancing electron and X-ray devices used in ultrafast imaging and spectroscopy. While high temporal resolution and large temporal window can be achieved…
One of the most ubiquitous techniques within attosecond science is the so-called Reconstruction of Attosecond Bursts by Interference of Two-Photon Transitions (RABBITT). Originally proposed for the characterization of attosecond pulses, it…
Metals exhibit nonequilibrium electron and lattice subsystems at transient times following femtosecond laser excitation. In the past four decades, various optical spectroscopy and time-resolved diffraction methods have been used to study…
It is shown that the the interference of above-threshold electron de Broglie waves, generated by an intense laser pulse at a metal surface yields attosecond electron pulses. This inerference is an analogon of the superposition of high…
Attosecond x-ray pulse with known spectro-temporal information is an essential tool for the investigation of ultrafast electron dynamics in quantum systems. Ultrafast free-electron lasers (FELs) have the unique advantage on unprecedented…
Previous theoretical studies have shown that attosecond electron dynamics can, in principle, be captured in electron momentum spectroscopy (EMS) using ultrashort electron pulses. By including further analytical considerations on the…
Ultrafast processes in matter can be captured and even controlled by using sequences of few-cycle optical pulses, which need to be well characterized, both in amplitude and phase. The same degree of control has not yet been achieved for…
Attosecond light pulses in the extreme ultraviolet have drawn a great deal of attention due to their ability to interrogate electronic dynamics in real time. Nevertheless, to follow charge dynamics and excitations in materials, element…
The ability to resolve the dynamics of matter on its native temporal and spatial scales constitutes a key challenge and convergent theme across chemistry, biology, and materials science. The last couple of decades have witnessed ultrafast…
Tracking the coupled motion of electrons and nuclei on their intrinsic timescales is essential to understanding and controlling photochemical transformations. While attosecond techniques have provided unprecedented insight into electronic…
First time-resolved photoemission experiments employing attosecond streaking of electrons emitted by an XUV pump pulse and probed by a few-cycle NIR pulse found a time delay of about 100 attoseconds between photoelectrons from the…
Many chirality-sensitive light-matter interactions are governed by chiral electron dynamics. Therefore, the development of advanced technologies harnessing chiral phenomena would critically benefit from measuring and controlling chiral…
We investigate the quantum dynamics of fermionic particles interacting with a laser field in a gaseous medium, in the regime of inelastic diffraction scattering on the phase lattice of a slowed travelling wave, below the critical field of…
We review the main research directions ongoing in the development of high-harmonic generation-based extreme ultraviolet sources for the synthesization and application of trains and isolated attosecond pulses to time-resolved spectroscopy. A…
Attosecond photoelectron spectroscopy is often performed with interferometric experimental setups that require outstanding stability. We demonstrate and characterize in detail an actively stabilized, versatile, high spectral resolution…
We investigate the possibility to use transient absorption of a coherent bound electron wave packet in hydrogen as an attosecond pulse characterization technique. In recent work we have shown that photoionization of such a coherent bound…