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Provenance-based Intrusion Detection Systems (PIDSes) have been widely used to detect Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs). Although many studies achieve high performance in the evaluations of their original papers, their performance in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Yue Xiao , Ling Jiang , Sen Nie , Ding Li , Shi Wu , Ke Xu , Qi Li

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) represent a growing menace to modern digital infrastructure. Unlike traditional cyberattacks, APTs are stealthy, adaptive, and long-lasting, often bypassing signature-based detection systems. This paper…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Sidahmed Benabderrahmane , Talal Rahwan

Advanced Persistent Threats (APT) attacks have plagued modern enterprises, causing significant financial losses. To counter these attacks, researchers propose techniques that capture the complex and stealthy scenarios of APT attacks by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Shaofei Li , Feng Dong , Xusheng Xiao , Haoyu Wang , Fei Shao , Jiedong Chen , Yao Guo , Xiangqun Chen , Ding Li

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) are stealthy attacks that threaten the security and privacy of sensitive information. Interactions of APTs with victim system introduce information flows that are recorded in the system logs. Dynamic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-06-29 Dinuka Sahabandu , Shana Moothedath , Joey Allen , Linda Bushnell , Wenke Lee , Radha Poovendran

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) are continuously evolving, leveraging their stealthiness and persistence to put increasing pressure on current provenance-based Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS). This evolution exposes several critical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Weiheng Wu , Wei Qiao , Wenhao Yan , Bo Jiang , Yuling Liu , Baoxu Liu , Zhigang Lu , JunRong Liu

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) pose a major cybersecurity challenge due to their stealth and ability to mimic normal system behavior, making detection particularly difficult in highly imbalanced datasets. Traditional anomaly detection…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Sidahmed Benabderrahmane , Petko Valtchev , James Cheney , Talal Rahwan

We present ANUBIS, a highly effective machine learning-based APT detection system. Our design philosophy for ANUBIS involves two principal components. Firstly, we intend ANUBIS to be effectively utilized by cyber-response teams. Therefore,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-22 Md. Monowar Anjum , Shahrear Iqbal , Benoit Hamelin

This study presents a thorough examination of various Generative Pretrained Transformer (GPT) methodologies in sentiment analysis, specifically in the context of Task 4 on the SemEval 2017 dataset. Three primary strategies are employed: 1)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Kiana Kheiri , Hamid Karimi

Advanced persistent threat (APT) attacks remain difficult to detect due to their stealth, adaptability, and use of legitimate system components. Provenance-based intrusion detection systems (PIDS) offer a promising defense by capturing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Robin Buchta , Carsten Kleiner , Felix Heine , Gabi Dreo Rodosek

Multi-stage threats like advanced persistent threats (APT) pose severe risks by stealing data and destroying infrastructure, with detection being challenging. APTs use novel attack vectors and evade signature-based detection by obfuscating…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Florian Nelles , Abbas Yazdinejad , Ali Dehghantanha , Reza M. Parizi , Gautam Srivastava

Cyber Threat hunting is a proactive search for known attack behaviors in the organizational information system. It is an important component to mitigate advanced persistent threats (APTs). However, the attack behaviors recorded in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-21 Renzheng Wei , Lijun Cai , Aimin Yu , Dan Meng

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) present a considerable challenge to cybersecurity due to their stealthy, long-duration nature. Traditional supervised learning methods typically require large amounts of labeled data, which is often scarce…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Sidahmed Benabderrahmane , Talal Rahwan

Provenance graph analysis plays a vital role in intrusion detection, particularly against Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs), by exposing complex attack patterns. While recent systems combine graph neural networks (GNNs) with natural…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yi Huang , Shaofei Li , Yao Guo , Xiangqun Chen , Ding Li , Wajih Ul Hassan

Advanced Persistent Threats (APT) pose a major cybersecurity challenge due to their stealth, persistence, and adaptability. Traditional machine learning detectors struggle with class imbalance, high dimensional features, and scarce real…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Sidahmed Benabderrahmane , Talal Rahwan

Software Defined Networking (SDN) has brought significant advancements in network management and programmability. However, this evolution has also heightened vulnerability to Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs), sophisticated and stealthy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Hedyeh Nazari , Abbas Yazdinejad , Ali Dehghantanha , Fattane Zarrinkalam , Gautam Srivastava

The techniques used in modern attacks have become an important factor for investigation. As we advance further into the digital age, cyber attackers are employing increasingly sophisticated and highly threatening methods. These attacks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Alexander Shim

Cyber-physical-social systems (CPSSs) have emerged in many applications over recent decades, requiring increased attention to security concerns. The rise of sophisticated threats like Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) makes ensuring…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Saba Fathi Rabooki , Bowen Li , Falih Gozi Febrinanto , Ciyuan Peng , Elham Naghizade , Fengling Han , Feng Xia

The critical assessment presented within this paper explores existing research pertaining to the Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) branch of cyber security, applying the knowledge extracted from this research to discuss, evaluate and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-23 Mohammad Bilal Khan

Today, human security analysts collapse under the sheer volume of alerts they have to triage during investigations. The inability to cope with this load, coupled with a high false positive rate of alerts, creates alert fatigue. This results…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-29 Florian Wilkens , Felix Ortmann , Steffen Haas , Matthias Vallentin , Mathias Fischer

A cyber-attack is a malicious attempt by experienced hackers to breach the target information system. Usually, the cyber-attacks are characterized as hybrid TTPs (Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures) and long-term adversarial behaviors,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-17 Mingqi Lv , Chengyu Dong , Tieming Chen , Tiantian Zhu , Qijie Song , Yuan Fan