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We derive the asymptotic theory of Bai (2009)'s interactive fixed effects estimator for unbalanced panels in which the source of attrition is conditionally random. For inference, we propose a method of alternating projections algorithm…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-05-19 Daniel Czarnowske , Amrei Stammann

Linear mixed-effects models are widely used in analyzing clustered or repeated measures data. We propose a quasi-likelihood approach for estimation and inference of the unknown parameters in linear mixed-effects models with high-dimensional…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-03-10 Sai Li , Tony T. Cai , Hongzhe Li

Evaluation of clinical prediction models across multiple clusters, whether centers or datasets, is becoming increasingly common. A comprehensive evaluation includes an assessment of the agreement between the estimated risks and the observed…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-22 Lasai Barreñada , Bavo D. C. Campo , Laure Wynants , Ben Van Calster

How to estimate heterogeneity, e.g. the effect of some variable differing across observations, is a key question in political science. Methods for doing so make simplifying assumptions about the underlying nature of the heterogeneity to…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-03-31 Max Goplerud

The past 20 years have brought fundamental advances in modeling unobserved heterogeneity in panel data. Interactive Fixed Effects (IFE) proved to be a foundational framework, generalizing the standard one-way and two-way fixed effects…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-10-15 Jan Ditzen , Yiannis Karavias

Causal effects are often characterized with population summaries. These might provide an incomplete picture when there are heterogeneous treatment effects across subgroups. Since the subgroup structure is typically unknown, it is more…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-07 Kwangho Kim , Jisu Kim , Edward H. Kennedy

Estimating individual and average treatment effects from observational data is an important problem in many domains such as healthcare and e-commerce. In this paper, we advocate balance regularization of multi-head neural network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-24 Mehrdad Farajtabar , Andrew Lee , Yuanjian Feng , Vishal Gupta , Peter Dolan , Harish Chandran , Martin Szummer

The manuscript discusses how to incorporate random effects for quantile regression models for clustered data with focus on settings with many but small clusters. The paper has three contributions: (i) documenting that existing methods may…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-02-24 Maria Laura Battagliola , Helle Sørensen , Anders Tolver , Ana-Maria Staicu

Recent advances in causal inference have seen the development of methods which make use of the predictive power of machine learning algorithms. In this paper, we develop novel double machine learning (DML) procedures for panel data in which…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-01-03 Paul S. Clarke , Annalivia Polselli

This note is concerned with an accurate and computationally efficient variational bayesian treatment of mixed-effects modelling. We focus on group studies, i.e. empirical studies that report multiple measurements acquired in multiple…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-03-22 Jean Daunizeau

This paper systematically analyzes and reviews identification strategies for binary choice logit models with fixed effects in panel and network data settings. We examine both static and dynamic models with general fixed-effect structures,…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-08-18 Kevin Dano , Bo E. Honoré , Martin Weidner

In cluster-randomized trials (CRTs), entire clusters of individuals are randomized to treatment, and outcomes within a cluster are typically correlated. While frequentist approaches are standard practice for CRT analysis, Bayesian methods…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-27 Ruyi Liu , Joshua L. Warren , Yuki Ohnishi , Donna Spiegelman , Liangyuan Hu , Fan Li

In this paper, we investigate binary response models for heterogeneous panel data with interactive fixed effects by allowing both the cross-sectional dimension and the temporal dimension to diverge. From a practical point of view, the…

Econometrics · Economics 2021-11-18 Jiti Gao , Fei Liu , Bin Peng , Yayi Yan

A recent literature in econometrics models unobserved cross-sectional heterogeneity in panel data by assigning each cross-sectional unit a one-dimensional, discrete latent type. Such models have been shown to allow estimation and inference…

Econometrics · Economics 2020-01-31 Max Cytrynbaum

A novel data-driven methodology is presented for the joint selection of prior parameters for both fixed and random effects in Linear Mixed Models (LMMs). This approach facilitates the estimation of complex random-effects structures, as well…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-28 Matteo Amestoy , R. Vermeulen , Mark A. van de Wiel , Wessel N. van Wieringen

This paper presents robust inference methods for general linear hypotheses in linear panel data models with latent group structure in the coefficients. We employ a selective conditional inference approach, deriving the conditional…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-11-25 Oguzhan Akgun , Ryo Okui

We consider joint selection of fixed and random effects in general mixed-effects models. The interpretation of estimated mixed-effects models is challenging since changing the structure of one set of effects can lead to different choices of…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-02-26 Maud Delattre , Marie-Anne Poursat

We develop a general framework for the identification of counterfactual parameters in a class of nonlinear semiparametric panel models with fixed effects and time effects. Our method applies to models for discrete outcomes (e.g., two-way…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-11-07 Irene Botosaru , Chris Muris

The association between multidimensional exposure patterns and outcomes is commonly investigated by first applying cluster analysis algorithms to derive patterns and then estimating the associations. However, errors in the underlying…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-05-31 Timm Intemann , Iris Pigeot

In social and economic studies many of the collected variables are measured on a nominal scale, often with a large number of categories. The definition of categories is usually not unambiguous and different classification schemes using…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-03-23 Gertraud Malsiner-Walli , Daniela Pauger , Helga Wagner