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Data augmentation is an effective technique for improving the performance of machine learning models. However, it has not been explored as extensively in natural language processing (NLP) as it has in computer vision. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Himmet Toprak Kesgin , Mehmet Fatih Amasyali

Large Language Models (LLMs) often struggle to maintain their original performance when faced with semantically coherent but task-irrelevant contextual information. Although prior studies have explored this issue using fixed-template or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Yanbo Wang , Zixiang Xu , Yue Huang , Chujie Gao , Siyuan Wu , Jiayi Ye , Pin-Yu Chen , Xiuying Chen , Xiangliang Zhang

Current VLMs have demonstrated capabilities across a wide range of multimodal tasks. Typically, in a pretrained VLM, all layers are engaged by default to make predictions on downstream tasks. We find that intervening on a single layer, such…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Zhiming Liu , Yujie Wei , Lei Feng , Xiu Su , Xiaobo Xia , Weili Guan , Zeke Xie , Shuo Yang

The rise of Agentic applications and automation in the Voice AI industry has led to an increased reliance on Large Language Models (LLMs) to navigate graph-based logic workflows composed of nodes and edges. However, existing methods face…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Alex Casella , Wayne Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a range of text-generation tasks. However, LLMs still struggle with problems requiring multi-step decision-making and environmental feedback, such as online…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Zhenfang Chen , Delin Chen , Rui Sun , Wenjun Liu , Chuang Gan

Sparse activation, which selectively activates only an input-dependent set of neurons in inference, is a useful technique to reduce the computing cost of Large Language Models (LLMs) without retraining or adaptation efforts. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Jifeng Song , Kai Huang , Xiangyu Yin , Boyuan Yang , Wei Gao

Integrating textual graphs into Large Language Models (LLMs) is promising for complex graph-based QA. However, a key bottleneck is retrieving informative yet compact subgraphs that fit the LLM context. Existing retrievers often struggle,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Ge Chang , Jinbo Su , Jiacheng Liu , Pengfei Yang , Yuhao Shang , Huiwen Zheng , Hongli Ma , Yan Liang , Yuanchun Li , Yunxin Liu

As large language models (LLMs) become more specialized, we envision a future where millions of expert LLMs exist, each trained on proprietary data and excelling in specific domains. In such a system, answering a query requires selecting a…

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has shown remarkable success in enabling adaptive and data-driven optimization for various applications in wireless networks. However, classical RL suffers from limitations in generalization, learning feedback,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Lingyi Cai , Wenjie Fu , Yuxi Huang , Ruichen Zhang , Yinqiu Liu , Jiawen Kang , Zehui Xiong , Tao Jiang , Dusit Niyato , Xianbin Wang , Shiwen Mao , Xuemin Shen

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate that chain-of-thought prompting and deep reasoning substantially enhance performance on complex tasks, and multi-agent systems can further improve accuracy by enabling model…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Zehui Ling , Deshu Chen , Yichi Zhang , Yuchen Liu , Xigui Li , Xin Guo , Yuan Cheng

Multi-turn intent classification is notably challenging due to the complexity and evolving nature of conversational contexts. This paper introduces LARA, a Linguistic-Adaptive Retrieval-Augmentation framework to enhance accuracy in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Junhua Liu , Yong Keat Tan , Bin Fu , Kwan Hui Lim

Recent studies have uncovered the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) in addressing complex sequential decision-making tasks through the provision of high-level instructions. However, LLM-based agents lack specialization in tackling…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Zihao Zhou , Bin Hu , Chenyang Zhao , Pu Zhang , Bin Liu

Large language models are increasingly used as computational tools for modeling human-like behavior. We introduce a behavioral induction framework that modifies model policies through fine-tuning on structured decision-making tasks: using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Nicola Milano , Davide Marocco

Language models pretrained on text from a wide variety of sources form the foundation of today's NLP. In light of the success of these broad-coverage models, we investigate whether it is still helpful to tailor a pretrained model to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-07 Suchin Gururangan , Ana Marasović , Swabha Swayamdipta , Kyle Lo , Iz Beltagy , Doug Downey , Noah A. Smith

Reinforcement learning (RL) can enable task-oriented dialogue systems to steer the conversation towards successful task completion. In an end-to-end setting, a response can be constructed in a word-level sequential decision making process…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-19 Nurul Lubis , Christian Geishauser , Michael Heck , Hsien-chin Lin , Marco Moresi , Carel van Niekerk , Milica Gašić

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate strong reasoning abilities across mathematical, strategic, and linguistic tasks, yet little is known about how well they reason in dynamic, real-time, multi-agent scenarios, such as collaborative…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Shaurya Mallampati , Rashed Shelim , Walid Saad , Naren Ramakrishnan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance across diverse domains, yet they still encounter challenges such as insufficient domain-specific knowledge, biases, and hallucinations. This underscores the need for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Hongliu Cao , Ilias Driouich , Robin Singh , Eoin Thomas

The advent of Large Language Models LLMs marks a milestone in Artificial Intelligence, altering how machines comprehend and generate human language. However, LLMs are vulnerable to malicious prompt injection attacks, where crafted inputs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Sahasra Kokkula , Somanathan R , Nandavardhan R , Aashishkumar , G Divya

Researchers and practitioners have recently reframed powerful Large Language Models (LLMs) as agents, enabling them to automate complex tasks largely via the use of specialized functions. To facilitate the development of LLM agents, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Shaokun Zhang , Jieyu Zhang , Jiale Liu , Linxin Song , Chi Wang , Ranjay Krishna , Qingyun Wu

Large Language Models (LLMs) perform well in language tasks but often lack collaborative awareness and struggle to optimize global performance in multi-agent settings. We present a reinforcement learning-augmented LLM agent framework that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Dong Qiu , Duo Xu , Limengxi Yue