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Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) algorithms require novel paradigms of error mitigation. To obtain noise-robust quantum computers, each logical qubit is equipped with hundreds or thousands of physical qubits. However, it is not…

In this paper, we describe and experimentally demonstrate an error detection scheme that does not employ ancilla qubits or mid-circuit measurements. This is achieved by expanding the Hilbert space where a single logical qubit is encoded…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-26 Nicolas J. Guerrero , David E. Weeks

The preparation of a quantum state using a noisy quantum computer (gate noise strength $\delta$), will necessarily affect an O($\delta$)-fraction of the qubits, no matter which protocol is used. Here, we show that fault-tolerant quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-20 Matthias Christandl , Omar Fawzi , Ashutosh Goswami

Solid-state spin qubits are a promising platform for quantum computation and quantum networks. Recent experiments have demonstrated high-quality control over multi-qubit systems, elementary quantum algorithms and non-fault-tolerant error…

We extend quantum circuit cutting to heterogeneous registers comprising mixed-dimensional qudits. By decomposing non-local interactions into tensor products of local generalised Gell-Mann matrices, we enable the simulation and execution of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-30 Manav Seksaria , Anil Prabhakar

We solve the fundamental quantum error correction problem for bi-unitary channels on two-qubit Hilbert space. By solving an algebraic compression problem, we construct qubit codes for such channels on arbitrary dimension Hilbert space, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Man-Duen Choi , David W. Kribs , Karol Zyczkowski

Color codes are a leading class of topological quantum error-correcting codes with modest error thresholds and structural compatibility with two-dimensional architectures, which make them well-suited for fault-tolerant quantum computing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-07 Nitish Kumar Chandra , David Tipper , Reza Nejabati , Eneet Kaur , Kaushik P. Seshadreesan

Medium-scale quantum devices that integrate about hundreds of physical qubits are likely to be developed in the near future. However, such devices will lack the resources for realizing quantum fault tolerance. Therefore, the main challenge…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-24 Chao Song , Jing Cui , H. Wang , J. Hao , H. Feng , Ying Li

Quantum computing holds transformative potential for various fields, yet its practical application is hindered by the susceptibility to errors. This study makes a pioneering contribution by applying quantum error correction codes (QECCs)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-23 Avimita Chatterjee , Debarshi Kundu , Swaroop Ghosh

In this paper we investigate the encoding of operator quantum error correcting codes i.e. subsystem codes. We show that encoding of subsystem codes can be reduced to encoding of a related stabilizer code making it possible to use all the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-07-01 Pradeep Kiran Sarvepalli , Andreas Klappenecker

The overhead of quantum error correction (QEC) poses a major bottleneck for realizing fault-tolerant computation. To reduce this overhead, we exploit the idea of erasure qubits, relying on an efficient conversion of the dominant noise into…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-30 Shouzhen Gu , Alex Retzker , Aleksander Kubica

Recent hardware demonstrations and advances in circuit compilation have made quantum computing with higher-dimensional systems (qudits) on near-term devices an attractive possibility. Some problems have more natural or optimal encodings…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-17 Gabriel Bottrill , Mudit Pandey , Olivia Di Matteo

Quantum error correction is necessary to perform large-scale quantum computations in the presence of noise and decoherence. As a result, several aspects of quantum error correction have already been explored. These have been primarily…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-05 Ariel Shlosberg , Anthony M. Polloreno , Graeme Smith

A quantum computer will use the properties of quantum physics to solve certain computational problems much faster than otherwise possible. One promising potential implementation is to use superconducting quantum bits in the circuit quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-12-01 Matthew Reed

A central challenge for the scaling of quantum computing systems is the need to control all qubits in the system without a large overhead. A solution for this problem in classical computing comes in the form of so called crossbar…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-28 Jonas Helsen , Mark Steudtner , Menno Veldhorst , Stephanie Wehner

A quantum error correcting code is a subspace $\mathcal{C}$ such that allowed errors acting on any state in $\mathcal{C}$ can be corrected. A quantum code for which state recovery is only required up to a logical rotation within…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-20 S. Omkar , R. Srikanth , Subhashish Banerjee

Traditional quantum error-correcting codes are designed for the depolarizing channel modeled by generalized Pauli errors occurring with equal probability. Amplitude damping channels model, in general, the decay process of a multilevel atom…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-29 Markus Grassl , Linghang Kong , Zhaohui Wei , Zhang-Qi Yin , Bei Zeng

Error-correcting codes were invented to correct errors on noisy communication channels. Quantum error correction (QEC), however, may have a wider range of uses, including information transmission, quantum simulation/computation, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-05 Ningping Cao , Junan Lin , David Kribs , Yiu-Tung Poon , Bei Zeng , Raymond Laflamme

In this paper, we explore the relationship between the width of a qubit lattice constrained in one dimension and physical thresholds for scalable, fault-tolerant quantum computation. To circumvent the traditionally low thresholds of small…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-15 Alexis T. E. Shaw , Michael J. Bremner , Alexandru Paler , Daniel Herr , Simon J. Devitt

We demonstrate that the performance of quantum error correction can be improved with noise-aware decoders that are calibrated to the likelihood of physical error configurations in a device. We show that noise-aware decoding increases the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-02 Evan T. Hockings , Andrew C. Doherty , Robin Harper