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In many machine learning applications, there are multiple decision-makers involved, both automated and human. The interaction between these agents often goes unaddressed in algorithmic development. In this work, we explore a simple version…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-09-10 David Madras , Toniann Pitassi , Richard Zemel

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a potent paradigm for autonomous decision-making in complex environments. However, the integration of event-driven decision processes within RL remains a challenge. This paper presents a novel…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-22 Md Nur-A-Adam Dony

Ordinary differential equations (ODEs) provide a powerful framework for modeling dynamic systems arising in a wide range of scientific domains. However, most existing ODE methods focus on a single system, and do not adequately address the…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-08 Shuoxun Xu , Zijian Guo , Brooke R. Staveland , Robert T. Knight , Lexin Li

Decentralized machine learning often relies on outsourcing computations, such as gradient evaluations, to untrusted worker nodes. Existing robust aggregation methods can mitigate malicious behavior under honest-majority assumptions, but may…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Hanzaleh Akbari Nodehi , Parsa Moradi , Soheil Mohajer , Mohammad Ali Maddah-Ali

In human-AI collaboration, a central challenge is deciding whether the AI should handle a task, be deferred to a human expert, or be addressed through collaborative effort. Existing Learning to Defer approaches typically make binary choices…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Chengbo He , Bochao Zou , Junliang Xing , Jiansheng Chen , Yuanchun Shi , Huimin Ma

We study online learning problems in which a decision maker has to take a sequence of decisions subject to $m$ long-term constraints. The goal of the decision maker is to maximize their total reward, while at the same time achieving small…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-16 Matteo Castiglioni , Andrea Celli , Alberto Marchesi , Giulia Romano , Nicola Gatti

Estimating mutual information between continuous random variables is often intractable and extremely challenging for high-dimensional data. Recent progress has leveraged neural networks to optimize variational lower bounds on mutual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Ruizhi Liao , Daniel Moyer , Polina Golland , William M. Wells

Automated design of multi-agent interactions with desirable equilibrium outcomes is inherently difficult due to the computational hardness, non-uniqueness, and instability of the resulting equilibria. In this work, we propose the use of…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Vinzenz Thoma , Georgios Piliouras , Luke Marris

We consider a model of robust learning in an adversarial environment. The learner gets uncorrupted training data with access to possible corruptions that may be affected by the adversary during testing. The learner's goal is to build a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-04 Idan Attias , Aryeh Kontorovich , Yishay Mansour

Contextual online decision-making problems with constraints appear in a wide range of real-world applications, such as adaptive experimental design under safety constraints, personalized recommendation with resource limits, and dynamic…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-23 Haichen Hu , David Simchi-Levi , Navid Azizan

A fundamental challenge in interactive learning and decision making, ranging from bandit problems to reinforcement learning, is to provide sample-efficient, adaptive learning algorithms that achieve near-optimal regret. This question is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-12 Dylan J. Foster , Sham M. Kakade , Jian Qian , Alexander Rakhlin

This paper seeks to establish a framework for directing a society of simple, specialized, self-interested agents to solve what traditionally are posed as monolithic single-agent sequential decision problems. What makes it challenging to use…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-17 Michael Chang , Sidhant Kaushik , S. Matthew Weinberg , Thomas L. Griffiths , Sergey Levine

Decision making in modern stochastic systems, including e-commerce platforms, financial markets and healthcare systems, has evolved into a multifaceted process that combines information acquisition and adaptive information sources. This…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-07 Renyuan Xu , Thaleia Zariphopoulou , Luhao Zhang

The Hybrid Online Learning Problem, where features are drawn i.i.d. from an unknown distribution but labels are generated adversarially, is a well-motivated setting positioned between statistical and fully-adversarial online learning. Prior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Princewill Okoroafor , Robert Kleinberg , Michael P. Kim

A key learning scenario in large-scale applications is that of federated learning, where a centralized model is trained based on data originating from a large number of clients. We argue that, with the existing training and inference,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-04 Mehryar Mohri , Gary Sivek , Ananda Theertha Suresh

New contributions in the field of iterative optimisation heuristics are often made in an iterative manner. Novel algorithmic ideas are not proposed in isolation, but usually as an extension of a preexisting algorithm. Although these…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-04-20 Diederick Vermetten , Fabio Caraffini , Anna V. Kononova , Thomas Bäck

Federated learning is a machine learning protocol that enables a large population of agents to collaborate over multiple rounds to produce a single consensus model. There are several federated learning applications where agents may choose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Minbiao Han , Kumar Kshitij Patel , Han Shao , Lingxiao Wang

In the problem of online learning for changing environments, data are sequentially received one after another over time, and their distribution assumptions may vary frequently. Although existing methods demonstrate the effectiveness of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Chen Zhao , Feng Mi , Xintao Wu , Kai Jiang , Latifur Khan , Christan Grant , Feng Chen

Conditional density estimation (CDE) is the task of estimating the probability of an event conditioned on some inputs. A neural network (NN) can also be used to compute the output distribution for continuous-domain, which can be viewed as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-30 Bing Chen , Mazharul Islam , Jisuo Gao , Lin Wang

This paper presents a hierarchical decision-making framework for autonomous systems operating under uncertainty, demonstrated through autonomous driving as a representative application. Surrounding agents are modeled using Hybrid Markov…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-19 Siyuan Li , Chengyuan Liu , Wen-Hua Chen