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Resistive memory is a promising alternative to SRAM, but is also an inherently unstable device that requires substantial effort to ensure correct read and write operations. To avoid the associated costs in terms of area, time and energy,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Yannick Emonds , Kai Xi , Holger Fröning

State-of-the-art DRAM read disturbance mitigations rely on the read disturbance threshold (RDT) (e.g., the number of aggressor row activations needed to induce the first read disturbance bitflip) to securely and performance- and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Ataberk Olgun , F. Nisa Bostanci , Ismail Emir Yuksel , Haocong Luo , Minesh Patel , A. Giray Yaglikci , Onur Mutlu

Resistive In-Memory Computing (RIMC) offers ultra-efficient computation for edge AI but faces accuracy degradation due to RRAM conductance drift over time. Traditional retraining methods are limited by RRAM's high energy consumption, write…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Weirong Dong , Kai Zhou , Zhen Kong , Quan Cheng , Junkai Huang , Zhengke Yang , Masanori Hashimoto , Longyang Lin

Recently, analog compute-in-memory (CIM) architectures based on emerging analog non-volatile memory (NVM) technologies have been explored for deep neural networks (DNN) to improve energy efficiency. Such architectures, however, leverage…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-07 Zhe Wan , Tianyi Wang , Yiming Zhou , Subramanian S. Iyer , Vwani P. Roychowdhury

Analog Compute-in-Memory (CiM) accelerators are increasingly recognized for their efficiency in accelerating Deep Neural Networks (DNN). However, their dependence on Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs) for accumulating partial sums from…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Shubham Negi , Utkarsh Saxena , Deepika Sharma , Kaushik Roy

Analog in-memory computing (AIMC) accelerators enable efficient deep neural network computation directly within memory using resistive crossbar arrays, where model parameters are represented by the conductance states of memristive devices.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Jindan Li , Zhaoxian Wu , Gaowen Liu , Tayfun Gokmen , Tianyi Chen

In-memory computing is becoming a popular architecture for deep-learning hardware accelerators recently due to its highly parallel computing, low power, and low area cost. However, in-RRAM computing (IRC) suffered from large device…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Yu-Hsiang Chiang , Cheng En Ni , Yun Sung , Tuo-Hung Hou , Tian-Sheuan Chang , Shyh Jye Jou

From an engineering perspective, a design should not only perform well in an ideal condition, but should also resist noises. Such a design methodology, namely robust design, has been widely implemented in the industry for product quality…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-09 Jia-Qi Yang , Ke-Bin Fan , Hao Ma , De-Chuan Zhan

Emerging non-volatile memory (NVM)-based Computing-in-Memory (CiM) architectures show substantial promise in accelerating deep neural networks (DNNs) due to their exceptional energy efficiency. However, NVM devices are prone to device…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Zheyu Yan , Xiaobo Sharon Hu , Yiyu Shi

Timing systems based on Analog-to-Digital Converters are widely used in the design of previous high energy physics detectors. In this paper, we propose a new method based on deep learning to extract the time information from a finite set of…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2019-04-02 Pengcheng Ai , Dong Wang , Guangming Huang , Ni Fang , Deli Xu , Fan Zhang

This paper obtains fundamental limits on the computational precision of in-memory computing architectures (IMCs). An IMC noise model and associated SNR metrics are defined and their interrelationships analyzed to show that the accuracy of…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Sujan Kumar Gonugondla , Charbel Sakr , Hassan Dbouk , Naresh R. Shanbhag

Compute-in-memory (CiM) is a promising approach to alleviating the memory wall problem for domain-specific applications. Compared to current-domain CiM solutions, charge-domain CiM shows the opportunity for higher energy efficiency and…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2021-02-03 Guodong Yin , Yi Cai , Juejian Wu , Zhengyang Duan , Zhenhua Zhu , Yongpan Liu , Yu Wang , Huazhong Yang , Xueqing Li

This work discusses memory-immersed collaborative digitization among compute-in-memory (CiM) arrays to minimize the area overheads of a conventional analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for deep learning inference. Thereby, using the proposed…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Shamma Nasrin , Maeesha Binte Hashem , Nastaran Darabi , Benjamin Parpillon , Farah Fahim , Wilfred Gomes , Amit Ranjan Trivedi

Computing-in-Memory (CIM) macros have gained popularity for deep learning acceleration due to their highly parallel computation and low power consumption. However, limited macro size and ADC precision introduce throughput and accuracy…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Ming-Han Lin , Tian-Sheuan Chang

Deep neural networks are widely deployed in many fields. Due to the in-situ computation (known as processing in memory) capacity of the Resistive Random Access Memory (ReRAM) crossbar, ReRAM-based accelerator shows potential in accelerating…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Chenguang Zhang , Zhihang Yuan , Xingchen Li , Guangyu Sun

The energy efficiency of analog computing-in-memory (ACIM) accelerator for recurrent neural networks, particularly long short-term memory (LSTM) network, is limited by the high proportion of nonlinear (NL) operations typically executed…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Junyi Yang , Xinyu Luo , Ye Ke , Zheng Wang , Hongyang Shang , Shuai Dong , Zhengnan Fu , Xiaofeng Yang , Hongjie Liu , Arindam Basu

ReRAM-based in-memory computing (IMC) architectures are promising candidates for energy-efficient matrix-vector multiplication. While scaling the size of ReRAM arrays allows for the amortization of power-hungry peripheral circuits like DACs…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-23 Ching-Yi Lin , Sahil Shah

In memory computing (IMC) architectures for deep learning (DL) accelerators leverage energy-efficient and highly parallel matrix vector multiplication (MVM) operations, implemented directly in memory arrays. Such IMC designs have been…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Arkapravo Ghosh , Hemkar Reddy Sadana , Mukut Debnath , Panthadip Maji , Shubham Negi , Sumeet Gupta , Mrigank Sharad , Kaushik Roy

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by integrating external knowledge retrieval but faces challenges on edge devices due to high storage, energy, and latency demands. Computing-in-Memory (CIM) offers a…

Analog compute-in-memory (CIM) in static random-access memory (SRAM) is promising for accelerating deep learning inference by circumventing the memory wall and exploiting ultra-efficient analog low-precision arithmetic. Latest analog CIM…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Zhiyu Chen , Ziyuan Wen , Weier Wan , Akhil Reddy Pakala , Yiwei Zou , Wei-Chen Wei , Zengyi Li , Yubei Chen , Kaiyuan Yang