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A first step to reach Theory of Mind (ToM) abilities (attribution of beliefs to others) in synthetic agents through sensorimotor interactions, would be to tag sensory data with agent typology and action intentions: autonomous agent X moved…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-11-23 M. Sánchez-Fibla , C. Moulin-Frier , X. Arsiwalla , P. Verschure

Shared autonomy integrates user input with robot autonomy in order to control a robot and help the user to complete a task. Our work aims to improve the performance of such a human-robot team: the robot tries to guide the human towards an…

Robotics · Computer Science 2017-06-15 Stefanos Nikolaidis , Yu Xiang Zhu , David Hsu , Siddhartha Srinivasa

User modeling has traditionally relied on inferring preferences, traits, or intents from observable behaviour. While effective in many adaptive systems, this paradigm treats behaviour as the primary object of modeling and leaves…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Cristina Gena

Recent advances in Artificial Intelligence have produced agents that can beat human world champions at games like Go, Starcraft, and Dota2. However, most of these models do not seem to play in a human-like manner: People infer others'…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-08-03 Terence X. Lim , Sidney Tio , Desmond C. Ong

Recent work on dialogue-based collaborative plan acquisition (CPA) has suggested that Theory of Mind (ToM) modelling can improve missing knowledge prediction in settings with asymmetric skill-sets and knowledge. Although ToM was claimed to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Matteo Bortoletto , Constantin Ruhdorfer , Adnen Abdessaied , Lei Shi , Andreas Bulling

Accurate prediction of human behavior is crucial for AI systems to effectively support real-world applications, such as autonomous robots anticipating and assisting with human tasks. Real-world scenarios frequently present challenges such…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Kojiro Takeyama , Yimeng Liu , Misha Sra

With the increasing adoption of robots across industries, it is crucial to focus on developing advanced algorithms that enable robots to anticipate, comprehend, and plan their actions effectively in collaboration with humans. We introduce…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-06-29 Meenakshi Sarkar , Vinayak Honkote , Dibyendu Das , Debasish Ghose

When cooperating with a human, a robot should not only care about its environment and task but also develop an understanding of the partner's reasoning. To support its human partner in complex tasks, the robot can share information that it…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-09-06 Moritz C. Buehler , Jürgen Adamy , Thomas H. Weisswange

Theory of Mind (ToM), the ability to attribute mental states to others, is a hallmark of social intelligence. While large language models (LLMs) demonstrate promising performance on standard ToM benchmarks, we observe that they often fail…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Mengfan Li , Xuanhua Shi , Yang Deng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown potential in simulating human behaviors and performing theory-of-mind (ToM) reasoning, a crucial skill for complex social interactions. In this study, we investigate the role of ToM reasoning in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Neemesh Yadav , Palakorn Achananuparp , Jing Jiang , Ee-Peng Lim

The anticipation of human behavior is a crucial capability for robots to interact with humans safely and efficiently. We employ a smart edge sensor network to provide global observations, future predictions, and goal information to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Simon Bultmann , Raphael Memmesheimer , Jan Nogga , Julian Hau , Sven Behnke

Successful human-agent teaming relies on an agent being able to understand instructions given by a (human) principal. In many cases, an instruction may be incomplete or ambiguous. In such cases, the agent must infer the unspoken intentions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Fardin Saad , Pradeep K. Murukannaiah , Munindar P. Singh

Robots need models of human behavior for both inferring human goals and preferences, and predicting what people will do. A common model is the Boltzmann noisily-rational decision model, which assumes people approximately optimize a reward…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-01-14 Andreea Bobu , Dexter R. R. Scobee , Jaime F. Fisac , S. Shankar Sastry , Anca D. Dragan

Theory-of-Mind (ToM) is a fundamental psychological capability that allows humans to understand and interpret the mental states of others. Humans infer others' thoughts by integrating causal cues and indirect clues from broad contextual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Chulun Zhou , Qiujing Wang , Mo Yu , Xiaoqian Yue , Rui Lu , Jiangnan Li , Yifan Zhou , Shunchi Zhang , Jie Zhou , Wai Lam

Natural language interaction with agentic Artificial Intelligence (AI), driven by Large Language Models (LLMs), is expected to remain a dominant paradigm in the near future. While humans instinctively align their communication with mental…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Mehdi Jafari , Devin Yuncheng Hua , Hao Xue , Flora Salim

Job interview simulation with a virtual agents aims at improving people's social skills and supporting professional inclusion. In such simulators, the virtual agent must be capable of representing and reasoning about the user's mental state…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-02-21 Marwen Belkaid , Nicolas Sabouret

When humans interact with robots influence is inevitable. Consider an autonomous car driving near a human: the speed and steering of the autonomous car will affect how the human drives. Prior works have developed frameworks that enable…

Humans continuously infer the states, goals, and behaviors of others by perceiving their surroundings in dynamic, real-world social interactions. However, most Theory of Mind (ToM) benchmarks only evaluate static, text-based scenarios,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Xianzhe Fan , Xuhui Zhou , Chuanyang Jin , Kolby Nottingham , Hao Zhu , Maarten Sap

Good teachers always tailor their explanations to the learners. Cognitive scientists model this process under the rationality principle: teachers try to maximise the learner's utility while minimising teaching costs. To this end, human…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-02 Clémence Grislain , Hugo Caselles-Dupré , Olivier Sigaud , Mohamed Chetouani

In order to engage in complex social interaction, humans learn at a young age to infer what others see and cannot see from a different point-of-view, and learn to predict others' plans and behaviors. These abilities have been mostly lacking…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-05-12 Boyuan Chen , Yuhang Hu , Robert Kwiatkowski , Shuran Song , Hod Lipson