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We study a version of the lights out game played on directed graphs. For a digraph $D$, we begin with a labeling of $V(D)$ with elements of $\mathbb{Z}_k$ for $k \ge 2$. When a vertex $v$ is toggled, the labels of $v$ and any vertex that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-04 T. Elise Dettling , Darren B. Parker

In finite group theory, studying the prime graph of a group has been an important topic for almost the past half-century. Recently, prime graphs of solvable groups have been characterized in graph theoretical terms only. This now allows the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-11-19 Chris Florez , Jonathan Higgins , Kyle Huang , Thomas Michael Keller , Dawei Shen

This paper offers a systematic study of a family of graphs called amoebas. Amoebas recently emerged from the study of forced patterns in $2$-colorings of the edges of the complete graph in the context of Ramsey-Turan theory and played an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-02 Yair Caro , Adriana Hansberg , Amanda Montejano

Let $G$ be a graph whose edges are each assigned one of the $m$-colours $1, 2, \ldots, m$, and let $\Gamma$ be a subgroup of $S_m$. The operation of switching at a vertex $x$ with respect $\pi \in \Gamma$ permutes the colours of the edges…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-07-27 Chris Duffy , Gary MacGillivray , Ben Tremblay

We determine all factorisations $X=AB$, where $X$ is a finite almost simple group and $A,B$ are core-free subgroups such that $A\cap B$ is cyclic or dihedral. As a main application, we classify the graphs $\Gamma$ admitting an almost simple…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2024-05-24 Martin W. Liebeck , Cheryl E. Praeger

We study the following combinatorial game played by two players, Alice and Bob, which generalizes the Pizza game considered by Brown, Winkler and others. Given a connected graph G with nonnegative weights assigned to its vertices, the…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2013-08-07 Josef Cibulka , Jan Kynčl , Viola Mészáros , Rudolf Stolař , Pavel Valtr

We study the acylindrical hyperbolicity of the outer automorphism group of a right-angled Artin group $A_\Gamma$. When the defining graph $\Gamma$ has no SIL-pair (separating intersection of links), we obtain a necessary and sufficient…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-05 Hyungryul Baik , Junseok Kim

Let $R$ be a commutative ring with identity. Let $\Gamma(R)$ be a graph with vertices as elements of $R$, where two distinct vertices $a$ and $b$ are adjacent if and only if $Ra+Rb=R$. In this paper we consider a subgraph $\Gamma_2(R)$ of…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Hamid Reza Maimani , Maryam Salimi , Asiyeh Sattari , Siamak Yassemi

Outer automorphism groups of RAAGs, denoted $Out(A_\Gamma)$, interpolate between $Out(F_n)$ and $GL_n(\mathbb{Z})$. We consider several vastness properties for which $Out(F_n)$ behaves very differently from $GL_n(\mathbb{Z})$: virtually…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2018-01-31 Vincent Guirardel , Andrew Sale

The Fibonacci cube of dimension n, denoted as $\Gamma\_n$, is the subgraph of the hypercube induced by vertices with no consecutive 1's. The irregularity of a graph G is the sum of |d(x)-d(y)| over all edges {x,y} of G. In two recent paper…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-02-09 Michel Mollard

We look at both the \emph{group labeling lights out game} and the \emph{neighborhood lights out game}. Our main focus is to determine necessary and sufficient conditions for when the group labeling lights out game on path graphs, cycle…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-05-06 Brittany Doherty , Christian J. Miller , Darren B. Parker

The prime graph $\Gamma(G)$ of a finite group $G$ (also known as the Gruenberg-Kegel graph) has as its vertices the prime divisors of $|G|$, and $p\text-q$ is an edge in $\Gamma(G)$ if and only if $G$ has an element of order $pq$. Since…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2022-11-30 Ziyu Huang , Thomas Michael Keller , Shane Kissinger , Wen Plotnick , Maya Roma , Yong Yang

The {\em power index} $\Theta(\Gamma)$ of a graph $\Gamma$ is the least order of a group $G$ such that $\Gamma$ can embed into the power graph of $G$. Furthermore, this group $G$ is {\em $\Gamma$-optimal} if $G$ has order $\Theta(\Gamma)$.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-01-05 Xuanlong Ma , Min Feng , Kaishun Wang

This study addresses the challenge of forming effective groups in collaborative problem-solving environments. Recognizing the complexity of human interactions and the necessity for efficient collaboration, we propose a novel approach…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Zheng Fang , Fucai Ke , Jae Young Han , Zhijie Feng , Toby Cai

In this paper we study a variant of the solitaire game Lights-Out, where the player's goal is to turn off a grid of lights. This variant is a two-player impartial game where the goal is to make the final valid move. This version is playable…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-11-14 Eugene Fiorini , Maxwell Fogler , Katherine Levandosky , Bryan Lu , Jacob Porter , Andrew Woldar

For a finite group $G$ and for a fixed positive integer $k$, $k\geq 2$, the $k$-power graph of $G$ is an undirected simple graph with vertex set $G$ in which two distinct vertices $x$ and $y$ are adjacent if and only if $x^k=y$ or $y^k=x$.…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2023-01-26 Swathi V , M S Sunitha

Given a finite group $G$, the generating graph $\Gamma(G)$ of $G$ has as vertices the non-identity elements of $G$ and two vertices are adjacent if and only if they are distinct and generate $G$ as group elements. Let $G$ be a 2-generated…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2019-08-06 Andrea Lucchini

Let $G$ be a finite group. Define a graph on the set $G^{\#} = G \setminus \{ 1 \}$ by declaring distinct elements $x,y\in G^{\#}$ to be adjacent if and only if $\langle x,y\rangle$ is cyclic. Denote this graph by $\Delta(G)$. The graph…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2021-03-10 David G. Costanzo , Mark L. Lewis , Stefano Schmidt , Eyob Tsegaye , Gabe Udell

Let $G=\Gamma(S)$ be a semigroup graph, i.e., a zero-divisor graph of a semigroup $S$ with zero element 0. For any adjacent vertices $x, y$ in $G$, denote $C(x,y)={z\in V(G) | N(z)={x,y}}$. Assume that in $G$ there exist two adjacent…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2018-04-24 Li Chen , Tongsuo Wu

We investigate the \textit{group irregular strength} $(s_g(G))$ of graphs, i.e the smallest value of $s$ such that for any Abelian group $\Gamma$ of order $s$ exists a function $g\colon E(G) \rightarrow \Gamma$ such that sums of edge labels…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-05-06 Sylwia Cichacz , Barbara Krupińska