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Recent benchmarks found In-Context Learning (ICL) outperforms both deep learning and tree-based algorithms on small tabular datasets. However, on larger datasets, ICL for tabular learning cannot run without severely compromising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Derek Xu , Olcay Cirit , Reza Asadi , Yizhou Sun , Wei Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have showcased their In-Context Learning (ICL) capabilities, enabling few-shot learning without the need for gradient updates. Despite its advantages, the effectiveness of ICL heavily depends on the choice of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Vinay M. S. , Minh-Hao Van , Xintao Wu

In-Context Learning (ICL) enhances the performance of large language models (LLMs) with demonstrations. However, obtaining these demonstrations primarily relies on manual effort. In most real-world scenarios, users are often unwilling or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Jinglong Gao , Xiao Ding , Lingxiao Zou , Bing Qin , Ting Liu

In-context Learning enables training-free adaptation via demonstrations but remains highly sensitive to example selection and formatting. In unified multimodal models spanning understanding and generation, this sensitivity is exacerbated by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Yicheng Xu , Jiangning Zhang , Zhucun Xue , Teng Hu , Ran Yi , Xiaobin Hu , Yong Liu , Dacheng Tao

In-context learning (ICL), which promotes inference with several demonstrations, has become a widespread paradigm to stimulate LLM capabilities for downstream tasks. Due to context length constraints, it cannot be further improved in spite…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Jiahao Li , Quan Wang , Licheng Zhang , Guoqing Jin , Zhendong Mao

In-context learning (ICL) improves language models' performance on a variety of NLP tasks by simply demonstrating a handful of examples at inference time. It is not well understood why ICL ability emerges, as the model has never been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-28 Xiaochuang Han , Daniel Simig , Todor Mihaylov , Yulia Tsvetkov , Asli Celikyilmaz , Tianlu Wang

Tabular data is a pervasive modality spanning a wide range of domains, and the inherent diversity poses a considerable challenge for deep learning. Recent advancements using transformer-based in-context learning have shown promise on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Valentin Thomas , Junwei Ma , Rasa Hosseinzadeh , Keyvan Golestan , Guangwei Yu , Maksims Volkovs , Anthony Caterini

Tabular data underpins decisions across science, industry, and public services. Despite rapid progress, advances in deep learning have not fully carried over to the tabular domain, where gradient-boosted decision trees (GBDTs) remain a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-21 David Bonet , Marçal Comajoan Cara , Alvaro Calafell , Daniel Mas Montserrat , Alexander G. Ioannidis

In-Context Learning (ICL) has emerged as a pivotal capability of auto-regressive large language models, yet it is hindered by a notable sensitivity to the ordering of context examples regardless of their mutual independence. To address this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Lizhe Fang , Yifei Wang , Khashayar Gatmiry , Lei Fang , Yisen Wang

In-Context Learning (ICL) is a significant paradigm for Large Multimodal Models (LMMs), using a few in-context demonstrations (ICDs) for new task adaptation. However, its performance is sensitive to demonstration configurations and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Xiaoyu Li , Yuhang Liu , Xuanshuo Kang , Zheng Luo , Fangqi Lou , Xiaohua Wu , Zihan Xiong

Pre-trained large language models have demonstrated a strong ability to learn from context, known as in-context learning (ICL). Despite a surge of recent applications that leverage such capabilities, it is by no means clear, at least…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Bingqing Song , Jiaxiang Li , Rong Wang , Songtao Lu , Mingyi Hong

In-context learning (ICL) refers to the process of adding a small number of localized examples from a training set of labelled data to an LLM's prompt with an objective to effectively control the generative process seeking to improve the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Manish Chandra , Debasis Ganguly , Iadh Ounis

The ubiquity of time series data creates a strong demand for general-purpose foundation models, yet developing them for classification remains a significant challenge, largely due to the high cost of labeled data. Foundation models capable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Chin-Chia Michael Yeh , Uday Singh Saini , Junpeng Wang , Xin Dai , Xiran Fan , Jiarui Sun , Yujie Fan , Yan Zheng

Tabular data is a fundamental form of data structure. The evolution of table analysis tools reflects humanity's continuous progress in data acquisition, management, and processing. The dynamic changes in table columns arise from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Xinda Chen , Zhen Xing , Hanyu Zhang , Weimin Tan , Bo Yan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in In-Context Learning (ICL). However, the fixed position length constraints in pre-trained models limit the number of demonstration examples. Recent efforts to extend…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Murtadha Ahmed , Wenbo , Liu yunfeng

Tabular foundation models are pre-trained on one of three classes of corpus: curated datasets drawn from benchmark repositories, tables harvested at scale from the web, or synthetic tables sampled from a parametric generative prior. Despite…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Alex O. Davies , Telmo de Menezes e Silva Filho , Nirav Ajmeri

In-context Learning (ICL) has emerged as a powerful capability alongside the development of scaled-up large language models (LLMs). By instructing LLMs using few-shot demonstrative examples, ICL enables them to perform a wide range of tasks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Quanyu Long , Yin Wu , Wenya Wang , Sinno Jialin Pan

In-Context Learning (ICL) enables transformer-based language models to adapt to new tasks by conditioning on demonstration examples. However, traditional example-driven in-context learning lacks explicit modules for knowledge retrieval and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Pan Chen , Shaohong Chen , Mark Wang , Shi Xuan Leong , Priscilla Fung , Varinia Bernales , Alan Aspuru-Guzik

Standard tabular benchmarks mainly focus on the evaluation of a model's capability to interpolate values inside a data manifold, where models good at performing local statistical smoothing are rewarded. However, there exists a very large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Zerui Cheng , Jiashuo Liu , Jianzhu Yao , Pramod Viswanath , Ge Zhang , Wenhao Huang

In-context learning (ICL) refers to a remarkable capability of pretrained large language models, which can learn a new task given a few examples during inference. However, theoretical understanding of ICL is largely under-explored,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Tong Yang , Yu Huang , Yingbin Liang , Yuejie Chi