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We give a survey on graphs with fixed smallest eigenvalue, especially on graphs with large minimal valency and also on graphs with good structures. Our survey mainly consists of the following two parts: (i) Hoffman graphs, the basic theory…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-11-25 Jack H. Koolen , Meng-Yue Cao , Qianqian Yang

In 1977, Hoffman gave a characterization of graphs with smallest eigenvalue at least $-2$. In this paper we generalize this result to graphs with smaller smallest eigenvalue. For the proof, we use a combinatorial object named Hoffman graph,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-07-10 Jack H. Koolen , Qianqian Yang , Jae Young Yang

The smallest eigenvalue of a graph is the smallest eigenvalue of its adjacency matrix. We show that the family of graphs with smallest eigenvalue at least $-\lambda$ can be defined by a finite set of forbidden induced subgraphs if and only…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-08 Zilin Jiang , Alexandr Polyanskii

One of the central results in the representation theory of distance-regular graphs classifies distance-regular graphs with $\mu\geq 2$ and second largest eigenvalue $\theta_1= b_1-1$. In this paper we give a classification under the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-07-28 Bohdan Kivva

In 2010, Koolen and Bang proposed the following conjecture: For a fixed integer $m \geq 2$, any geometric distance-regular graph with smallest eigenvalue $-m$, diameter $D \geq 3$ and $c_2 \geq 2$ is either a Johnson graph, a Grassmann…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-16 Chenhui Lv , Jack H. Koolen

In 1979, Neumaier gave a bound on $\lambda$ in terms of $m$ and $\mu$, where $-m$ is the smallest eigenvalue of a primitive strongly regular graph, unless the graph in question belongs to one of the two infinite families of strongly regular…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-06 Jack Koolen , Chenhui Lv , Greg Markowsky , Jongyook Park

We prove a conjecture by Van Dam and Sotirov on the smallest eigenvalue of (distance-$j$) Hamming graphs and a conjecture by Karloff on the smallest eigenvalue of (distance-$j$) Johnson graphs. More generally, we study the smallest…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-04-23 Andries E. Brouwer , Sebastian M. Cioabă , Ferdinand Ihringer , Matt McGinnis

In this paper, we show that a connected graph with smallest eigenvalue at least -3 and large enough minimal degree is 2-integrable. This result generalizes a 1977 result of Hoffman for connected graphs with smallest eigenvalue at least -2.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-04-03 Jack H. Koolen , Jae Young Yang , Qianqian Yang

A new method is introduced for bounding the separation between the value of $-k$ and the smallest eigenvalue of a non-bipartite $k$-regular graph. The method is based on fractional decompositions of graphs. As a consequence we obtain a very…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-07-22 Fiachra Knox , Bojan Mohar

In this paper, we study the order of a maximal clique in an amply regular graph with a fixed smallest eigenvalue by considering a vertex that is adjacent to some (but not all) vertices of the maximal clique. As a consequence, we show that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-12-18 Gary R. W. Greaves , Jack H. Koolen , Jongyook Park

In 1995, Brouwer proved that the toughness of a connected $k$-regular graph $G$ is at least $k/\lambda-2$, where $\lambda$ is the maximum absolute value of the non-trivial eigenvalues of $G$. Brouwer conjectured that one can improve this…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-12-10 Sebastian M. Cioabă , Wiseley Wong

We give a structural classification of edge-signed graphs with smallest eigenvalue greater than -2. We prove a conjecture of Hoffman about the smallest eigenvalue of the line graph of a tree that was stated in the 1970s. Furthermore, we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-01-08 Gary Greaves , Jack Koolen , Akihiro Munemasa , Yoshio Sano , Tetsuji Taniguchi

In this paper, we give infinitely many examples of (non-isomorphic) connected $k$-regular graphs with smallest eigenvalue in half open interval $[-1-\sqrt2, -2)$ and also infinitely many examples of (non-isomorphic) connected $k$-regular…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-05-30 Hyonju Yu

In this paper, we classify distance regular graphs such that all of its second largest local eigenvalues are at most one. Also we discuss the consequences for the smallest eigenvalue of a distance-regular graph. These extend a result by the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-02-22 Jack H. Koolen , Hyonju Yu

Let $\lambda\geq2$ be an integer. For strongly regular graphs with parameters $(v, k, a,c)$ and smallest eigenvalue $-\lambda$, Neumaier gave two bounds on $c$ by using algebraic property of strongly regular graphs. In this paper, we will…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-09-10 Jack H. Koolen , Brhane Gebremichel , Jae Young Yang , Qianqian Yang

In this paper we will give a structure theory for regular graphs with fixed smallest eigenvalue. As a consequence of this theory, we show that a $k$-regular graph with smallest eigenvalue $-\lambda$ has clique number linear in $k$ if $k$ is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-01-22 Qianqian Yang , Jack H. Koolen

We provide upper and lower bounds on the smallest eigenvalue of grounded Laplacian matrices (which are matrices obtained by removing certain rows and columns of the Laplacian matrix of a given graph). The gap between the upper and lower…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-07-08 Mohammad Pirani , Shreyas Sundaram

Let $\Gamma$ denote a distance-regular graph with diameter $D\geq 3$. Juri\v{s}i\'c and Vidali conjectured that if $\Gamma$ is tight with classical parameters $(D,b,\alpha,\beta)$, $b\geq 2$, then $\Gamma$ is not locally the block graph of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-05-13 Jack H. Koolen , Jae-Ho Lee , Shuang-Dong Li , Yun-Han Li , Xiaoye Liang , Ying-Ying Tan

We prove that a distance-regular graph with a dominant distance is a spectral expander. The key ingredient of the proof is a new inequality on the intersection numbers. We use the spectral gap bound to study the structure of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-07-28 Bohdan Kivva

We introduce a new family of closed differential forms naturally associated with minimal graphical submanifolds in Euclidean space, defined in arbitrary codimension. For each minimal graph, we construct an explicit closed form whose…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2026-04-07 Chung-Jun Tsai , Mu-Tao Wang
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