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Edge expansion is a parameter indicating how well-connected a graph is. It is useful for designing robust networks, analysing random walks or information flow through a network and is an important notion in theoretical computer science.…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-01-12 Colin McDiarmid , Katarzyna Rybarczyk , Fiona Skerman , Małgorzata Sulkowska

Modularity is a widely used measure for evaluating community structure in networks. The definition of modularity involves a comparison of within-community edges in the observed network and that number in an equivalent randomized network.…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2013-02-13 Xin Liu , Tsuyoshi Murata , Ken Wakita

Many complex networks display a mesoscopic structure with groups of nodes sharing many links with the other nodes in their group and comparatively few with nodes of different groups. This feature is known as community structure and encodes…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-07-31 Andrea Lancichinetti , Santo Fortunato

We study networks that display community structure -- groups of nodes within which connections are unusually dense. Using methods from random matrix theory, we calculate the spectra of such networks in the limit of large size, and hence…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2012-05-10 Raj Rao Nadakuditi , M. E. J. Newman

We propose a novel statistical model for sparse networks with overlapping community structure. The model is based on representing the graph as an exchangeable point process, and naturally generalizes existing probabilistic models with…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-02-06 Adrien Todeschini , Xenia Miscouridou , François Caron

There are several metrics (Modularity, Mutual Information, Conductance, etc.) to evaluate the strength of graph clustering in large graphs. These metrics have great significance to measure the effectiveness and they are often used to find…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2016-10-12 Md. Khaledur Rahman

A variety of metrics have been proposed to measure the relative importance of nodes in a network. One of these, alpha-centrality [Bonacich, 2001], measures the number of attenuated paths that exist between nodes. We introduce a normalized…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2012-08-06 Rumi Ghosh , Kristina Lerman

Networks are a widely-used tool to investigate the large-scale connectivity structure in complex systems and graphons have been proposed as an infinite size limit of dense networks. The detection of communities or other meso-scale…

Computation · Statistics 2021-01-05 Florian Klimm , Nick S. Jones , Michael T. Schaub

Using an intuitive concept of what constitutes a meaningful community, a novel metric is formulated for detecting non-overlapping communities in undirected, weighted heterogeneous networks. This metric, modularity density, is shown to be…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-08-23 Swathi M. Mula , Gerardo Veltri

Communities are fundamental entities for the characterization of the structure of real networks. The standard approach to the identification of communities in networks is based on the optimization of a quality function known as…

Physics and Society · Physics 2013-07-15 Filippo Radicchi

Community or modular structure is considered to be a significant property of large scale real-world graphs such as social or information networks. Detecting influential clusters or communities in these graphs is a problem of considerable…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-02-06 Prakhar Ganesh , Saket Dingliwal , Rahul Agarwal

Much effort has gone into understanding the modular nature of complex networks. Communities, also known as clusters or modules, are typically considered to be densely interconnected groups of nodes that are only sparsely connected to other…

Physics and Society · Physics 2012-06-26 James P. Bagrow

The mechanisms by which modularity emerges in complex networks are not well understood but recent reports have suggested that modularity may arise from evolutionary selection. We show that finding the modularity of a network is analogous to…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2009-11-10 Roger Guimera , Marta Sales-Pardo , Luis A. N. Amaral

We present a compact matrix formulation of the modularity, a commonly used quality measure for the community division in a network. Using this formulation we calculate the density of modularities, a statistical measure of the probability of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-08-16 Erik Holmström , Nicolas Bock , Johan Brännlund

Bipartite networks are a useful tool for representing and investigating interaction networks. We consider methods for identifying communities in bipartite networks. Intuitive notions of network community groups are made explicit using…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-11-13 Michael J. Barber , Margarida Faria , Ludwig Streit , Oleg Strogan

Starting from a general \textit{ansatz}, we show how community detection can be interpreted as finding the ground state of an infinite range spin glass. Our approach applies to weighted and directed networks alike. It contains the…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2009-11-11 Joerg Reichardt , Stefan Bornholdt

Herein we present a novel approach of identifying community structures in complex networks. We propose the usage of the Random Walk Centrality (RWC), first introduced by Noh and Rieger [Phys. Rev. Lett. 92.11 (2004): 118701]. We adapt this…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-09-12 Ashwat Jain , P. Manimaran

Complex networks represent interactions between entities. They appear in various contexts such as sociology, biology, etc., and they generally contain highly connected subgroups called communities. Community detection is a well-studied…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2014-06-11 Romain Campigotto , Patricia Conde Céspedes , Jean-Loup Guillaume

For a given graph $G$, each partition of the vertices has a modularity score, with higher values indicating that the partition better captures community structure in $G$. The modularity $q^*(G)$ of the graph $G$ is defined to be the maximum…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-12-22 Colin McDiarmid , Fiona Skerman

Multi-layer networks are networks on a set of entities (nodes) with multiple types of relations (edges) among them where each type of relation/interaction is represented as a network layer. As with single layer networks, community detection…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-12-10 Subhadeep Paul , Yuguo Chen