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We propose a new real-world attack against the computer vision based systems of autonomous vehicles (AVs). Our novel Sign Embedding attack exploits the concept of adversarial examples to modify innocuous signs and advertisements in the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-03-28 Chawin Sitawarin , Arjun Nitin Bhagoji , Arsalan Mosenia , Prateek Mittal , Mung Chiang

To autonomously control vehicles, driving agents use outputs from a combination of machine-learning (ML) models, controller logic, and custom modules. Although numerous prior works have shown that adversarial examples can mislead ML models…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Henry Wong , Clement Fung , Weiran Lin , Karen Li , Stanley Chen , Lujo Bauer

In Autonomous Vehicles (AVs), one fundamental pillar is perception, which leverages sensors like cameras and LiDARs (Light Detection and Ranging) to understand the driving environment. Due to its direct impact on road safety, multiple prior…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-08-21 Yulong Cao , Chaowei Xiao , Benjamin Cyr , Yimeng Zhou , Won Park , Sara Rampazzi , Qi Alfred Chen , Kevin Fu , Z. Morley Mao

Physical adversarial attacks on road signs are continuously exploiting vulnerabilities in modern day autonomous vehicles (AVs) and impeding their ability to correctly classify what type of road sign they encounter. Current models cannot…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Aakriti Shah

End-to-end autonomous driving systems have achieved significant progress, yet their adversarial robustness remains largely underexplored. In this work, we conduct a closed-loop evaluation of state-of-the-art autonomous driving agents under…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Ishan Sahu , Somnath Hazra , Somak Aditya , Soumyajit Dey

Reinforcement learning (RL) has shown considerable potential in autonomous driving (AD), yet its vulnerability to perturbations remains a critical barrier to real-world deployment. As a primary countermeasure, adversarial training improves…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Qi Wei , Junchao Fan , Zhao Yang , Jianhua Wang , Jingkai Mao , Xiaolin Chang

Adversarial Examples (AEs) can deceive Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) and have received a lot of attention recently. However, majority of the research on AEs is in the digital domain and the adversarial patches are static, which is very…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Wei Jia , Zhaojun Lu , Haichun Zhang , Zhenglin Liu , Jie Wang , Gang Qu

Autonomous vehicles rely on LiDAR sensors to detect obstacles such as pedestrians, other vehicles, and fixed infrastructures. LiDAR spoofing attacks have been demonstrated that either create erroneous obstacles or prevent detection of real…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-16 Hongchao Zhang , Zhouchi Li , Shiyu Cheng , Andrew Clark

Camera-based computer vision is essential to autonomous vehicle's perception. This paper presents an attack that uses light-emitting diodes and exploits the camera's rolling shutter effect to create adversarial stripes in the captured…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Dongfang Guo , Yuting Wu , Yimin Dai , Pengfei Zhou , Xin Lou , Rui Tan

Autonomous vehicles rely on camera-based perception systems to comprehend their driving environment and make crucial decisions, thereby ensuring vehicles to steer safely. However, a significant threat known as Electromagnetic Signal…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Wenhao Liao , Sineng Yan , Youqian Zhang , Xinwei Zhai , Yuanyuan Wang , Eugene Yujun Fu

Adversarial example attacks have emerged as a critical threat to machine learning. Adversarial attacks in image classification abuse various, minor modifications to the image that confuse the image classification neural network -- while the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Anthony Etim , Jakub Szefer

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) promise efficient, clean and cost-effective transportation systems, but their reliance on sensors, wireless communications, and decision-making systems makes them vulnerable to cyberattacks and physical threats.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Chieh Tsai , Murad Mehrab Abrar , Salim Hariri

Given the promising future of autonomous vehicles, it is foreseeable that self-driving cars will soon emerge as the predominant mode of transportation. While autonomous vehicles offer enhanced efficiency, they remain vulnerable to external…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Saurav Silwal , Lu Gao , Ph. D. Yunpeng Zhang , Ph. D. Ahmed Senouci , Ph. D. Yi-Lung Mo , Ph. D. , P. E

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) rely heavily on LiDAR sensors for accurate 3D perception. We show a novel class of low-cost, passive LiDAR spoofing attacks that exploit mirror-like surfaces to inject or remove objects from an AV's perception.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Selma Yahia , Ildi Alla , Girija Bangalore Mohan , Daniel Rau , Mridula Singh , Valeria Loscri

There is considerable evidence that deep neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial perturbations applied directly to their digital inputs. However, it remains an open question whether this translates to vulnerabilities in real systems.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-14 Jinghan Yang , Adith Boloor , Ayan Chakrabarti , Xuan Zhang , Yevgeniy Vorobeychik

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are rapidly advancing and are expected to play a central role in future mobility. Ensuring their safe deployment requires reliable interaction with other road users, not least pedestrians. Direct testing on public…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Yueyang Wang , Mehmet Dogar , Russell Darling , Gustav Markkula

In autonomous driving, the combination of AI and vehicular technology offers great potential. However, this amalgamation comes with vulnerabilities to adversarial attacks. This survey focuses on the intersection of Adversarial Machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Junae Kim , Amardeep Kaur

Traffic Sign Recognition (TSR) is crucial for safe and correct driving automation. Recent works revealed a general vulnerability of TSR models to physical-world adversarial attacks, which can be low-cost, highly deployable, and capable of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Ningfei Wang , Shaoyuan Xie , Takami Sato , Yunpeng Luo , Kaidi Xu , Qi Alfred Chen

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) rely heavily on LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) systems for accurate perception and navigation, providing high-resolution 3D environmental data that is crucial for object detection and classification. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Amira Guesmi , Muhammad Shafique

Traffic sign recognition plays a critical role in ensuring safe and efficient transportation of autonomous vehicles but remain vulnerable to adversarial attacks using stickers or laser projections. While existing attack vectors demonstrate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Go Tsuruoka , Takami Sato , Qi Alfred Chen , Kazuki Nomoto , Ryunosuke Kobayashi , Yuna Tanaka , Tatsuya Mori
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