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The field of machine learning is subject to an increasing interest in models that are not only accurate but also interpretable and robust, thus allowing their end users to understand and trust AI systems. This paper presents a novel method…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Valentin Lemaire , Gaël Aglin , Siegfried Nijssen

Tree-based ensemble methods, as Random Forests and Gradient Boosted Trees, have been successfully used for regression in many applications and research studies. Furthermore, these methods have been extended in order to deal with uncertainty…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-20 Myriam Tami , Marianne Clausel , Emilie Devijver , Adrien Dulac , Eric Gaussier , Stefan Janaqi , Meriam Chebre

To obtain a probabilistic model for a dependent variable based on some set of explanatory variables, a distributional approach is often adopted where the parameters of the distribution are linked to regressors. In many classical models this…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-01-14 Lisa Schlosser , Torsten Hothorn , Reto Stauffer , Achim Zeileis

Learning a regression function using censored or interval-valued output data is an important problem in fields such as genomics and medicine. The goal is to learn a real-valued prediction function, and the training output labels indicate an…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-10-30 Alexandre Drouin , Toby Dylan Hocking , François Laviolette

The aim of this paper is to propose a suitable method for constructing prediction intervals for the output of neural network models. To do this, we adapt the extremely randomized trees method originally developed for random forests to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-05-14 Tullio Mancini , Hector Calvo-Pardo , Jose Olmo

A key challenge in probabilistic regression is ensuring that predictive distributions accurately reflect true empirical uncertainty. Minimizing overall prediction error often encourages models to prioritize informativeness over calibration,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-17 Ádám Jung , Domokos M. Kelen , András A. Benczúr

The machine learning literature contains several constructions for prediction intervals that are intuitively reasonable but ultimately ad-hoc in that they do not come with provable performance guarantees. We present methods from the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-02-25 Danijel Kivaranovic , Kory D. Johnson , Hannes Leeb

Sparse decision trees are one of the most common forms of interpretable models. While recent advances have produced algorithms that fully optimize sparse decision trees for prediction, that work does not address policy design, because the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Ali Behrouz , Mathias Lecuyer , Cynthia Rudin , Margo Seltzer

There are many approaches for training decision trees. This work introduces a novel gradient-based method for constructing decision trees that optimize arbitrary differentiable loss functions, overcoming the limitations of heuristic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Andrei V. Konstantinov , Lev V. Utkin

Probabilistic regression models the entire predictive distribution of a response variable, offering richer insights than classical point estimates and directly allowing for uncertainty quantification. While diffusion-based generative models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Carlo Kneissl , Christopher Bülte , Philipp Scholl , Gitta Kutyniok

Regression trees are one of the oldest forms of AI models, and their predictions can be made without a calculator, which makes them broadly useful, particularly for high-stakes applications. Within the large literature on regression trees,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Rui Zhang , Rui Xin , Margo Seltzer , Cynthia Rudin

Uncertainty analysis in the form of probabilistic forecasting can provide significant improvements in decision-making processes in the smart power grid for better integrating renewable energies such as wind. Whereas point forecasting…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-03-30 Kostas Hatalis , Shalinee Kishore , Katya Scheinberg , Alberto Lamadrid

This paper develops a conformal method to compute prediction intervals for non-parametric regression that can automatically adapt to skewed data. Leveraging black-box machine learning algorithms to estimate the conditional distribution of…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-10-26 Matteo Sesia , Yaniv Romano

Regression trees are a popular machine learning algorithm that fit piecewise constant models by recursively partitioning the predictor space. This paper focuses on statistical inference for a data-dependent model obtained from a fitted…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-17 Soham Bakshi , Yiling Huang , Snigdha Panigrahi , Walter Dempsey

Nonparametric estimation of the conditional distribution of a response given high-dimensional features is a challenging problem. It is important to allow not only the mean but also the variance and shape of the response density to change…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2013-12-05 Francesca Petralia , Joshua Vogelstein , David B. Dunson

We propose a simple and efficient approach to generate a prediction intervals (PI) for approximated and forecasted trends. Our method leverages a weighted asymmetric loss function to estimate the lower and upper bounds of the PI, with the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-07-20 Milo Grillo , Yunpeng Han , Agnieszka Werpachowska

This paper considers the generation of prediction intervals (PIs) by neural networks for quantifying uncertainty in regression tasks. It is axiomatic that high-quality PIs should be as narrow as possible, whilst capturing a specified…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-04-10 Tim Pearce , Mohamed Zaki , Alexandra Brintrup , Andy Neely

We present an algorithm for learning decision trees using stochastic gradient information as the source of supervision. In contrast to previous approaches to gradient-based tree learning, our method operates in the incremental learning…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-09-25 Henry Gouk , Bernhard Pfahringer , Eibe Frank

Decision tree learning is increasingly being used for pointwise inference. Important applications include causal heterogenous treatment effects and dynamic policy decisions, as well as conditional quantile regression and design of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-02-08 Matias D. Cattaneo , Jason M. Klusowski , Peter M. Tian

In this paper, we propose a new and unified approach for nonparametric regression and conditional distribution learning. Our approach simultaneously estimates a regression function and a conditional generator using a generative learning…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-06-28 Shanshan Song , Tong Wang , Guohao Shen , Yuanyuan Lin , Jian Huang