Related papers: Joint TITE-CRM for Dual Agent Dose Finding Studies
In radiation therapy (RT) treatment planning, multi-criteria optimization (MCO) supports efficient plan selection but is usually solved for population-based dosimetric criteria and ignores patient-specific biological risk, potentially…
The commonplace description of phase 1 clinical trials in oncology as "primarily concerned with safety" is belied by their near universal adoption of dose-escalation practices which are inherently unsafe. In contrast with dose titration,…
Participation incentives is a well-known issue inhibiting randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in medicine, as well as a potential cause of user dissatisfaction for RCTs in online platforms. We frame this issue as a non-standard…
Objective: Proton spot-scanning arc therapy (ARC) is an emerging modality that can improve the high-dose conformity to targets compared with standard intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT). However, the efficient treatment delivery of…
Accurate models of clinical actions and their impacts on disease progression are critical for estimating personalized optimal dynamic treatment regimes (DTRs) in medical/health research, especially in managing chronic conditions.…
Heterogeneous treatment effects (HTEs) are commonly identified during randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Identifying subgroups of patients with similar treatment effects is of high interest in clinical research to advance precision…
The vision of personalized medicine is to identify interventions that maintain or restore a person's health based on their individual biology. Medical digital twins, computational models that integrate a wide range of health-related data…
One primary goal of precision medicine is to estimate the individualized treatment rules (ITRs) that optimize patients' health outcomes based on individual characteristics. Health studies with multiple treatments are commonly seen in…
The keyboard design is a novel phase I dose-finding method that is simple and has good operating characteristics. This paper studies theoretical properties of the keyboard design, including the optimality of its decision rules, coherence in…
When a novel treatment has successfully passed phase I, different options to design subsequent phase II trials are available. One approach is a single-arm trial, comparing the response rate in the intervention group against a fixed…
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are widely regarded as the gold standard for causal inference in biomedical research. For instance, when estimating the average treatment effect on the treated (ATT), a doubly robust estimation procedure…
Personalizing combination therapies in oncology requires navigating an immense space of possible drug and dose combinations, a task that remains largely infeasible through exhaustive experimentation. Recent developments in patient-derived…
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease that often results in multiple complications. Risk prediction and profiling of T2DM complications is critical for healthcare professionals to design personalized treatment plans for…
A treatment regime is a deterministic function that dictates personalized treatment based on patients' individual prognostic information. There is a fast-growing interest in finding optimal treatment regimes to maximize expected long-term…
This paper focuses on developing Pareto-optimal estimation and policy learning to identify the most effective treatment that maximizes the total reward from both short-term and long-term effects, which might conflict with each other. For…
During drug development, evidence can emerge to suggest a treatment is more effective in a specific patient subgroup. Whilst early trials may be conducted in biomarker-mixed populations, later trials are more likely to enrol…
In a Phase II dose-finding study with a placebo control, a new drug with several dose levels is compared with a placebo to test for the effectiveness of the new drug. The main focus of such studies often lies in the characterization of the…
Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) induced from high-order drug-drug interactions (DDIs) due to polypharmacy represent a significant public health problem. In this paper, we formally formulate the to-avoid and safe (with respect to ADRs) drug…
To promote precision medicine, individualized treatment regimes (ITRs) are crucial for optimizing the expected clinical outcome based on patient-specific characteristics. However, existing ITR research has primarily focused on scenarios…
Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy is an effective cancer treatment. Models based on the Generalized Equivalent Uniform Dose (gEUD) provide radiation plans with excellent planning target volume coverage and low radiation for organs at…