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Deep convolutional neural networks have made outstanding contributions in many fields such as computer vision in the past few years and many researchers published well-trained network for downloading. But recent studies have shown serious…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-12 Xiquan Guan , Huamin Feng , Weiming Zhang , Hang Zhou , Jie Zhang , Nenghai Yu

Embedding watermarks into the output of generative models is essential for establishing copyright and verifiable ownership over the generated content. Emerging diffusion model watermarking methods either embed watermarks in the frequency…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-18 Yunzhuo Chen , Jordan Vice , Naveed Akhtar , Nur Al Hasan Haldar , Ajmal Mian

Recently, diffusion models (DMs) have become the state-of-the-art method for image synthesis. Editing models based on DMs, known for their high fidelity and precision, have inadvertently introduced new challenges related to image copyright…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Mingtian Tan , Tianhao Wang , Somesh Jha

Various watermarking methods (``watermarkers'') have been proposed to identify LLM-generated texts; yet, due to the lack of unified evaluation platforms, many critical questions remain under-explored: i) What are the strengths/limitations…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Jiacheng Liang , Zian Wang , Lauren Hong , Shouling Ji , Ting Wang

Protecting the intellectual property of machine learning models is a hot topic and many watermarking schemes for deep neural networks have been proposed in the literature. Unfortunately, prior work largely neglected the investigation of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Stefano Calzavara , Lorenzo Cazzaro , Donald Gera , Salvatore Orlando

Generative AI models pose a significant challenge to intellectual property (IP), as they can replicate unique artistic styles and concepts without attribution. While watermarking offers a potential solution, existing methods often fail in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Li Zhang , Shruti Agarwal , John Collomosse , Pengtao Xie , Vishal Asnani

DNNs shall be considered as the intellectual property (IP) of the model builder due to the impeding cost of designing/training a highly accurate model. Research attempts have been made to protect the authorship of the trained model and…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2018-11-12 Huili Chen , Bita Darvish Rouhani , Xinwei Fan , Osman Cihan Kilinc , Farinaz Koushanfar

Digital multimedia watermarking technology was suggested in the last decade to embed copyright information in digital objects such images, audio and video. However, the increasing use of relational database systems in many real-life…

Databases · Computer Science 2013-04-29 Jun Ziang Pinn , A. Fr. Zung

Gradient Boosting Decision Trees (GBDTs) are widely used in industry and academia for their high accuracy and efficiency, particularly on structured data. However, watermarking GBDT models remains underexplored compared to neural networks.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Jun Woo Chung , Yingjie Lao , Weijie Zhao

The spread of false and misleading information is receiving significant attention from legislative and regulatory bodies. Consumers place trust in specific sources of information, so a scalable, interoperable method for determining the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-11 John C. Simmons , Joseph M. Winograd

As policy catches up with the capabilities of generative AI, watermarking is central to content provenance efforts. Inference-time watermarks for autoregressive models are unfit for continuous modalities due to discretization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Georgios Milis , Yubin Qin , Yihan Wu , Heng Huang

Generated contents have raised serious concerns about copyright protection, image provenance, and credit attribution. A potential solution for these problems is watermarking. Recently, content watermarking for text-to-image diffusion models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Yifan Zhu , Yihan Wang , Xiao-Shan Gao

Watermarking has become one of promising techniques to not only aid in identifying AI-generated images but also serve as a deterrent against the unethical use of these models. However, the robustness of watermarking techniques has not been…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Xiaodong Wu , Xiangman Li , Jianbing Ni

LLM watermarking has attracted attention as a promising way to detect AI-generated content, with some works suggesting that current schemes may already be fit for deployment. In this work we dispute this claim, identifying watermark…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Nikola Jovanović , Robin Staab , Martin Vechev

Watermarking is the process of embedding information into an image that can survive under distortions, while requiring the encoded image to have little or no perceptual difference from the original image. Recently, deep learning-based…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2020-01-15 Xiyang Luo , Ruohan Zhan , Huiwen Chang , Feng Yang , Peyman Milanfar

Deep neural networks have recently achieved significant progress. Sharing trained models of these deep neural networks is very important in the rapid progress of researching or developing deep neural network systems. At the same time, it is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-02-07 Yusuke Uchida , Yuki Nagai , Shigeyuki Sakazawa , Shin'ichi Satoh

The rapid advancement of deep learning has turned models into highly valuable assets due to their reliance on massive data and costly training processes. However, these models are increasingly vulnerable to leakage and theft, highlighting…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Yunfei Yang , Xiaojun Chen , Zhendong Zhao , Yu Zhou , Xiaoyan Gu , Juan Cao

Watermark has been widely deployed by industry to detect AI-generated images. A recent watermarking framework called \emph{Stable Signature} (proposed by Meta) roots watermark into the parameters of a diffusion model's decoder such that its…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Yuepeng Hu , Zhengyuan Jiang , Moyang Guo , Neil Gong

The proliferation of AI-generated content has facilitated sophisticated face manipulation, severely undermining visual integrity and posing unprecedented challenges to intellectual property. In response, a common proactive defense leverages…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Haonan An , Xiaohui Ye , Guang Hua , Yihang Tao , Hangcheng Cao , Xiangyu Yu , Yuguang Fang

Watermarking inserts invisible data into content to protect copyright. The embedded information provides proof of authorship and facilitates tracking illegal distribution, etc. Current robust watermarking techniques have been proposed to…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2018-05-17 Wook-Hyung Kim , Seung-Hun Nam , Ji-Hyeon Kang , Heung-Kyu Lee