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Few-shot fine-tuning of Diffusion Models (DMs) is a key advancement, significantly reducing training costs and enabling personalized AI applications. However, we explore the training dynamics of DMs and observe an unanticipated phenomenon:…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Xiaoyu Wu , Jiaru Zhang , Yang Hua , Bohan Lyu , Hao Wang , Tao Song , Haibing Guan

As one of the most successful generative models, diffusion models have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in synthesizing high-quality images. These models learn the underlying high-dimensional data distribution in an unsupervised manner.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Min Hou , Yueying Wu , Chang Xu , Yu-Hao Huang , Chenxi Bai , Le Wu , Jiang Bian

Diffusion models have emerged as the best approach for generative modeling of 2D images. Part of their success is due to the possibility of training them on millions if not billions of images with a stable learning objective. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Animesh Karnewar , Andrea Vedaldi , David Novotny , Niloy Mitra

Scattering of light in complex media scrambles optical wavefronts and breaks the principles of conventional imaging methods. For decades, researchers have endeavored to conquer the problem by inventing approaches such as adaptive optics,…

Training diffusion models requires large datasets. However, acquiring large volumes of high-quality data can be challenging, for example, collecting large numbers of high-resolution images and long videos. On the other hand, there are many…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Xudong Ma

While diffusion models have emerged as a powerful class of generative models, their learning dynamics remain poorly understood. We address this issue first by empirically showing that standard diffusion models trained on natural images…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-21 Lorenzo Bardone , Claudia Merger , Sebastian Goldt

Score-based diffusion models have demonstrated remarkable empirical success in learning high-dimensional distributions, particularly those exhibiting low-dimensional and multi-modal structures. However, theoretical understanding of their…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-29 Jingda Wu , Changxiao Cai

While methods for monocular depth estimation have made significant strides on standard benchmarks, zero-shot metric depth estimation remains unsolved. Challenges include the joint modeling of indoor and outdoor scenes, which often exhibit…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Saurabh Saxena , Junhwa Hur , Charles Herrmann , Deqing Sun , David J. Fleet

Discrete diffusion models have recently shown significant progress in modeling complex data, such as natural languages and DNA sequences. However, unlike diffusion models for continuous data, which can generate high-quality samples in just…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Anji Liu , Oliver Broadrick , Mathias Niepert , Guy Van den Broeck

Reinforcement learning (RL) struggles to scale to large, combinatorial action spaces common in many real-world problems. This paper introduces a novel framework for training discrete diffusion models as highly effective policies in these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Haitong Ma , Ofir Nabati , Aviv Rosenberg , Bo Dai , Oran Lang , Craig Boutilier , Na Li , Shie Mannor , Lior Shani , Guy Tenneholtz

Diffusion Models (DMs) have achieved great success in image generation and other fields. By fine sampling through the trajectory defined by the SDE/ODE solver based on a well-trained score model, DMs can generate remarkable high-quality…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Bowen Zheng , Tianming Yang

Diffusion models achieve state-of-the-art performance in various generation tasks. However, their theoretical foundations fall far behind. This paper studies score approximation, estimation, and distribution recovery of diffusion models,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-15 Minshuo Chen , Kaixuan Huang , Tuo Zhao , Mengdi Wang

Diffusion models (DMs) have revolutionized generative learning. They utilize a diffusion process to encode data into a simple Gaussian distribution. However, encoding a complex, potentially multimodal data distribution into a single…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Yilun Xu , Gabriele Corso , Tommi Jaakkola , Arash Vahdat , Karsten Kreis

Strong generative models can accurately learn channel distributions. This could save recurring costs for physical measurements of the channel. Moreover, the resulting differentiable channel model supports training neural encoders by…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Muah Kim , Rick Fritschek , Rafael F. Schaefer

Masked Diffusion Models (MDMs) have emerged as one of the most promising paradigms for generative modeling over discrete domains. It is known that MDMs effectively train to decode tokens in a random order, and that this ordering has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Prateek Garg , Bhavya Kohli , Sunita Sarawagi

Diffusion models (DMs) have become the dominant paradigm of generative modeling in a variety of domains by learning stochastic processes from noise to data. Recently, diffusion denoising bridge models (DDBMs), a new formulation of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Guande He , Kaiwen Zheng , Jianfei Chen , Fan Bao , Jun Zhu

We consider the recent privacy preserving methods that train the models not on original images, but on mixed images that look like noise and hard to trace back to the original images. We explain that those mixed images will be samples on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Roozbeh Yousefzadeh

Many interesting tasks in image restoration can be cast as linear inverse problems. A recent family of approaches for solving these problems uses stochastic algorithms that sample from the posterior distribution of natural images given the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-14 Bahjat Kawar , Michael Elad , Stefano Ermon , Jiaming Song

Diffusion models are powerful generative models that map noise to data using stochastic processes. However, for many applications such as image editing, the model input comes from a distribution that is not random noise. As such, diffusion…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Linqi Zhou , Aaron Lou , Samar Khanna , Stefano Ermon

Diffusion Models (DMs) have become powerful image generation tools, especially for few-shot fine-tuning where a pretrained DM is fine-tuned on a small image set to capture specific styles or objects. Many people upload these personalized…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Xiaoyu Wu , Jiaru Zhang , Zhiwei Steven Wu