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Related papers: Scalable Oversight for Superhuman AI via Recursive…

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As AI systems advance beyond human capabilities, scalable oversight becomes critical: how can we supervise AI that exceeds our abilities? A key challenge is that human evaluators may form incorrect beliefs about AI behavior in complex…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Leon Lang , Patrick Forré

This paper critically evaluates the attempts to align Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems, especially Large Language Models (LLMs), with human values and intentions through Reinforcement Learning from Feedback (RLxF) methods, involving…

Widely used alignment techniques, such as reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF), rely on the ability of humans to supervise model behavior - for example, to evaluate whether a model faithfully followed instructions or generated…

Automatic reviewing helps handle a large volume of papers, provides early feedback and quality control, reduces bias, and allows the analysis of trends. We evaluate the alignment of automatic paper reviews with human reviews using an arena…

A growing body of research has explored how to support humans in making better use of AI-based decision support, including via training and onboarding. Existing research has focused on decision-making tasks where it is possible to evaluate…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Anna Kawakami , Luke Guerdan , Yanghuidi Cheng , Matthew Lee , Scott Carter , Nikos Arechiga , Kate Glazko , Haiyi Zhu , Kenneth Holstein

Language model (LM) post-training relies on two stages of human supervision: task demonstrations for supervised finetuning (SFT), followed by preference comparisons for reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF). As LMs become more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Yaowen Ye , Cassidy Laidlaw , Jacob Steinhardt

Artificial intelligence (AI) tools are being incorporated into scientific research workflows with the potential to enhance efficiency in tasks such as document analysis, question answering (Q&A), and literature search. However, system…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Anthea Dathe , Kiran Hoffmann , Aline Mangold

The recent leap in AI capabilities, driven by big generative models, has sparked the possibility of achieving Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) and further triggered discussions on Artificial Superintelligence (ASI)-a system surpassing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 HyunJin Kim , Xiaoyuan Yi , Jing Yao , Muhua Huang , JinYeong Bak , James Evans , Xing Xie

Human evaluation is critical for validating the performance of text-to-image generative models, as this highly cognitive process requires deep comprehension of text and images. However, our survey of 37 recent papers reveals that many works…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Mayu Otani , Riku Togashi , Yu Sawai , Ryosuke Ishigami , Yuta Nakashima , Esa Rahtu , Janne Heikkilä , Shin'ichi Satoh

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) advances toward Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) and eventually Artificial Superintelligence (ASI), it may potentially surpass human control, deviate from human values, and even lead to irreversible…

The rapid progress of generative artificial intelligence has exposed fundamental limitations in existing evaluation methodologies, particularly for open-ended, creative, and human-facing tasks. Traditional automatic metrics rely on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Marjan Veysi , Pirooz Shamsinejadbabaki , Mohammad Zare , Mohammad Sabouri

This work establishes a foundational framework for standardizing AI evaluation RCTs (sometimes called human uplift studies). Drawing on established experimental practices from disciplines with established RCT traditions, including software…

Common methods for aligning already-capable models with desired behavior rely on the ability of humans to provide supervision. However, future superhuman models will surpass the capability of humans. Therefore, humans will only be able to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Hao Lang , Fei Huang , Yongbin Li

The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in high-risk, decision-making scenarios presents technical, safety, and normative challenges; problems that may only be ameliorated by human oversight. However, notions of human oversight lack a…

The growing use of artificial intelligence (AI) in education, professional work, and everyday problem-solving has raised important questions about its effect on human reasoning. While AI can improve efficiency, save time, and support…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-22 M Murshidul Bari , Akif Islam , Mohd Ruhul Ameen , Abu Saleh Musa Miah , Jungpil Shin

Although the problem of a critique of robotic behavior in near-unanimous agreement to human norms seems intractable, a starting point of such an ambition is a framework of the collection of knowledge a priori and experience a posteriori…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-05-30 Christopher A. Tucker

Usability inspection is a well-established technique for identifying interaction issues in software interfaces, thereby contributing to improved product quality. However, it is a costly process that requires time and specialized knowledge…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Luis F. G. Campos , Leonardo C. Marques , Walter T. Nakamura

Recent benchmark studies have claimed that AI has approached or even surpassed human-level performances on various cognitive tasks. However, this position paper argues that current AI evaluation paradigms are insufficient for assessing…

Skill routing is an important component in large-scale conversational systems. In contrast to traditional rule-based skill routing, state-of-the-art systems use a model-based approach to enable natural conversations. To provide supervision…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-15 Mohammad Kachuee , Jinseok Nam , Sarthak Ahuja , Jin-Myung Won , Sungjin Lee

Peer review remains the central quality-control mechanism of science, yet its ability to fulfill this role is increasingly strained. Empirical studies document serious shortcomings: long publication delays, escalating reviewer burden…