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We investigate machine learning approaches for optimizing real-time staffing decisions in semi-automated warehouse sortation systems. Operational decision-making can be supported at different levels of abstraction, with different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Kalle Kujanpää , Yuying Zhu , Kristina Klinkner , Shervin Malmasi

The use of reinforcement learning (RL) methods to support health behavior change via personalized and just-in-time adaptive interventions is of significant interest to health and behavioral science researchers focused on problems such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Karine Karine , Benjamin M. Marlin

Reinforcement learning (RL) has shown great promise in optimizing long-term user interest in recommender systems. However, existing RL-based recommendation methods need a large number of interactions for each user to learn a robust…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-07 Yanan Wang , Yong Ge , Li Li , Rui Chen , Tong Xu

Training large language models (LLMs) to reason via reinforcement learning (RL) significantly improves their problem-solving capabilities. In agentic settings, existing methods like ReAct prompt LLMs to explicitly plan before every action;…

When deployed, AI agents will encounter problems that are beyond their autonomous problem-solving capabilities. Leveraging human assistance can help agents overcome their inherent limitations and robustly cope with unfamiliar situations. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-24 Khanh Nguyen , Yonatan Bisk , Hal Daumé

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) enables learning control policies by utilizing only prior experience, without any online interaction. This can allow robots to acquire generalizable skills from large and diverse datasets, without any…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-24 Aviral Kumar , Anikait Singh , Stephen Tian , Chelsea Finn , Sergey Levine

Recent progress on large language models (LLMs) has enabled dialogue agents to generate highly naturalistic and plausible text. However, current LLM language generation focuses on responding accurately to questions and requests with a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Joey Hong , Jessica Lin , Anca Dragan , Sergey Levine

Reinforcement learning and symbolic planning have both been used to build intelligent autonomous agents. Reinforcement learning relies on learning from interactions with real world, which often requires an unfeasibly large amount of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-07 Fangkai Yang , Daoming Lyu , Bo Liu , Steven Gustafson

Reinforcement Learning (RL) enables an intelligent agent to optimise its performance in a task by continuously taking action from an observed state and receiving a feedback from the environment in form of rewards. RL typically uses tables…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Alberto Castagna

Reward specification plays a central role in reinforcement learning (RL), guiding the agent's behavior. To express non-Markovian rewards, formalisms such as reward machines have been introduced to capture dependencies on histories. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Rajarshi Roy , Anirban Majumdar , Ritam Raha , David Parker , Marta Kwiatkowska

Meta-learning is a branch of machine learning which trains neural network models to synthesize a wide variety of data in order to rapidly solve new problems. In process control, many systems have similar and well-understood dynamics, which…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-20 Daniel G. McClement , Nathan P. Lawrence , Johan U. Backstrom , Philip D. Loewen , Michael G. Forbes , R. Bhushan Gopaluni

Reinforcement Learning (RL) in games has gained significant momentum in recent years, enabling the creation of different agent behaviors that can transform a player's gaming experience. However, deploying RL agents in production…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-01 António Afonso , Iolanda Leite , Alessandro Sestini , Florian Fuchs , Konrad Tollmar , Linus Gisslén

Offline Reinforcement Learning (RL) aims to learn a near-optimal policy from a fixed dataset of transitions collected by another policy. This problem has attracted a lot of attention recently, but most existing methods with strong…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Germano Gabbianelli , Gergely Neu , Nneka Okolo , Matteo Papini

Reinforcement learning (RL) faces challenges in evaluating policy trajectories within intricate game tasks due to the difficulty in designing comprehensive and precise reward functions. This inherent difficulty curtails the broader…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Zichao Shen , Tianchen Zhu , Qingyun Sun , Shiqi Gao , Jianxin Li

End-to-end learning robotic manipulation with high data efficiency is one of the key challenges in robotics. The latest methods that utilize human demonstration data and unsupervised representation learning has proven to be a promising…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Jin Li , Xianyuan Zhan , Zixu Xiao , Guyue Zhou

In this paper, we propose a novel personalized decision support system that combines Theory of Mind (ToM) modeling and explainable Reinforcement Learning (XRL) to provide effective and interpretable interventions. Our method leverages DRL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Huao Li , Yao Fan , Keyang Zheng , Michael Lewis , Katia Sycara

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) provides a powerful framework for training robotic agents using pre-collected, suboptimal datasets, eliminating the need for costly, time-consuming, and potentially hazardous online interactions. This is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Tung M. Luu , Donghoon Lee , Younghwan Lee , Chang D. Yoo

Personalized decision systems in healthcare and behavioral support often rely on static rule-based or engagement-maximizing heuristics that overlook users' emotional context and ethical constraints. Such approaches risk recommending…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Garapati Keerthana , Manik Gupta

The ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to extract context from natural language problem descriptions naturally raises questions about their suitability in autonomous decision-making settings. This paper studies the behaviour of these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Xiao Yang , Juxi Leitner , Michael Burke

Assistive agents should not only take actions on behalf of a human, but also step out of the way and cede control when there are important decisions to be made. However, current methods for building assistive agents, whether via mimicking…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Evan Ellis , Vivek Myers , Jens Tuyls , Sergey Levine , Anca Dragan , Benjamin Eysenbach