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Large Language Models (LLMs) have driven significant progress, yet their growing parameter counts and context windows incur prohibitive compute, energy, and monetary costs. We introduce EfficientLLM, a novel benchmark and the first…

Despite their remarkable capabilities, Large Language Models (LLMs) struggle to effectively leverage historical interaction information in dynamic and complex environments. Memory systems enable LLMs to move beyond stateless interactions by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jizhan Fang , Xinle Deng , Haoming Xu , Ziyan Jiang , Yuqi Tang , Ziwen Xu , Shumin Deng , Yunzhi Yao , Mengru Wang , Shuofei Qiao , Huajun Chen , Ningyu Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used across research and industry applications, yet their inference efficiency remains a significant challenge. As the computational power of modern GPU architectures continuously improves,…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across diverse applications, yet their deployment remains challenging due to substantial computational costs, memory requirements, and energy consumption. Recent empirical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Kaito Tanaka , Masato Ito , Yuji Nishimura , Keisuke Matsuda , Aya Nakayama

Large language model (LLM) decoding suffers from high latency due to fragmented execution across operators and heavy reliance on off-chip memory for data exchange and reduction. This execution model limits opportunities for fusion and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Xinhao Luo , Zihan Liu , Yangjie Zhou , Shihan Fang , Ziyu Huang , Yu Feng , Chen Zhang , Shixuan Sun , Zhenzhe Zheng , Jingwen Leng , Minyi Guo

Transformer-based large language model (LLM) inference serving is now the backbone of many cloud services. LLM inference consists of a prefill phase and a decode phase. However, existing LLM deployment practices often overlook the distinct…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Cunchen Hu , Heyang Huang , Liangliang Xu , Xusheng Chen , Jiang Xu , Shuang Chen , Hao Feng , Chenxi Wang , Sa Wang , Yungang Bao , Ninghui Sun , Yizhou Shan

Recent studies have extensively explored NPU architectures for accelerating AI inference in on-device environments, which are inherently resource-constrained. Meanwhile, transformer-based large language models (LLMs) have become dominant,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Jonghun Lee , Junghoon Lee , Hyeonjin Kim , Seoho Jeon , Jisup Yoon , Hyunbin Park , Meejeong Park , Heonjae Ha

Conventional mechanical design follows an iterative process in which initial concepts are refined through cycles of expert assessment and resource-intensive Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis to meet performance goals. While machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Yayati Jadhav , Amir Barati Farimani

We present MobileVLM, a competent multimodal vision language model (MMVLM) targeted to run on mobile devices. It is an amalgamation of a myriad of architectural designs and techniques that are mobile-oriented, which comprises a set of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Xiangxiang Chu , Limeng Qiao , Xinyang Lin , Shuang Xu , Yang Yang , Yiming Hu , Fei Wei , Xinyu Zhang , Bo Zhang , Xiaolin Wei , Chunhua Shen

Conventional large language models (LLMs) are equipped with dozens of GB to TB of model parameters, making inference highly energy-intensive and costly as all the weights need to be loaded to onboard processing elements during computation.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Wei-Hsing Huang , Janak Sharda , Cheng-Jhih Shih , Yuyao Kong , Faaiq Waqar , Pin-Jun Chen , Yingyan , Lin , Shimeng Yu

Due to the large number of parameters, the inference phase of Large Language Models (LLMs) is resource-intensive. However, not all requests posed to LLMs are equally difficult to handle. Through analysis, we show that for some tasks, LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Siqi Fan , Xin Jiang , Xiang Li , Xuying Meng , Peng Han , Shuo Shang , Aixin Sun , Yequan Wang , Zhongyuan Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional benefits to a wide range of domains, for tasks as diverse as code generation and robot navigation. While LLMs are usually served from cloud data centers, mission-critical and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Mayank Arya , Yogesh Simmhan

Running language models in the browser presents a unique opportunity to build efficient, private, and portable AI applications, but requires contending with constrained memory availability and heterogeneous hardware targets. To realize this…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Reese Levine , Rithik Sharma , Nikhil Jain , Abhijit Ramesh , Zheyuan Chen , Neha Abbas , James Contini , Tyler Sorensen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable comprehension abilities but face challenges in GPU memory usage during inference, hindering their scalability for real-time applications like chatbots. To accelerate inference, we store…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Dongjie Yang , XiaoDong Han , Yan Gao , Yao Hu , Shilin Zhang , Hai Zhao

Efficiently deploying large language models (LLMs) in real-world scenarios remains a critical challenge, primarily due to hardware heterogeneity, inference framework limitations, and workload complexities.Efficiently deploying large…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Yanyu Chen , Ganhong Huang

Most Large Language Models (LLMs) are currently deployed in the cloud, with users relying on internet connectivity for access. However, this paradigm faces challenges such as network latency, privacy concerns, and bandwidth limits. Thus,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Hao Xu , Long Peng , Shezheng Song , Xiaodong Liu , Ma Jun , Shasha Li , Jie Yu , Xiaoguang Mao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have pushed the frontier of artificial intelligence but are comprised of hundreds of billions of parameters and operations. For faster inference latency, LLMs are deployed on multiple hardware accelerators…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Jan Hansen-Palmus , Michael Truong Le , Oliver Hausdörfer , Alok Verma

The growing demand for large artificial intelligence model (LAIM) services is driving a paradigm shift from traditional cloud-based inference to edge-based inference for low-latency, privacy-preserving applications. In particular,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Zhonghao Lyu , Ming Xiao , Jie Xu , Mikael Skoglund , Marco Di Renzo

Nowadays, many companies possess various types of AI accelerators, forming heterogeneous clusters. Efficiently leveraging these clusters for high-throughput large language model (LLM) inference services can significantly reduce costs and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Yi Xiong , Jinqi Huang , Wenjie Huang , Xuebing Yu , Entong Li , Zhixiong Ning , Jinhua Zhou , Li Zeng , Xin Chen

This work introduces Weaver, our first family of large language models (LLMs) dedicated to content creation. Weaver is pre-trained on a carefully selected corpus that focuses on improving the writing capabilities of large language models.…