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Conditional diffusion models appear capable of compositional generalization, i.e., generating convincing samples for out-of-distribution combinations of conditioners, but the mechanisms underlying this ability remain unclear. To make this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Arwen Bradley

Modern generative models exhibit unprecedented capabilities to generate extremely realistic data. However, given the inherent compositionality of the real world, reliable use of these models in practical applications requires that they…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Maya Okawa , Ekdeep Singh Lubana , Robert P. Dick , Hidenori Tanaka

Since their introduction, diffusion models have quickly become the prevailing approach to generative modeling in many domains. They can be interpreted as learning the gradients of a time-varying sequence of log-probability density…

Composing autoregressive models remains a core challenge in understanding how large language models can combine behaviors or skills learned across tasks. We introduce a new and principled composition strategy for autoregressive systems,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Aakash Kumar , Maria Sofia Bucarelli , Emanuele Natale

Diffusion models have emerged as the principal paradigm for generative modeling across various domains. During training, they learn the score function, which in turn is used to generate samples at inference. They raise a basic yet unsolved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Kiwhan Song , Jaeyeon Kim , Sitan Chen , Yilun Du , Sham Kakade , Vincent Sitzmann

Discrete-time diffusion-based generative models and score matching methods have shown promising results in modeling high-dimensional image data. Recently, Song et al. (2021) show that diffusion processes that transform data into noise can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-01 Chin-Wei Huang , Jae Hyun Lim , Aaron Courville

Out-of-distribution generalization capabilities of sequence-to-sequence models can be studied from the lens of two crucial forms of generalization: length generalization -- the ability to generalize to longer sequences than ones seen during…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Kartik Ahuja , Amin Mansouri

Generative diffusion models synthesize new samples by reversing a diffusive process that converts a given data set to generic noise. This is accomplished by training a neural network to match the gradient of the log of the probability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Akhil Premkumar

Compositional generalization requires models to produce novel configurations from familiar parts. In diffusion models, prior compositional generation methods typically assume that the relevant concepts or conditioning signals are already…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Zekun Wang , Anant Gupta , Tianyi Zhu , Christopher J. MacLellan

Score-based diffusion models generate new samples by learning the score function associated with a diffusion process. While the effectiveness of these models can be theoretically explained using differential equations related to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Doheon Kim

Solving ill-posed inverse problems requires careful formulation of prior beliefs over the signals of interest and an accurate description of their manifestation into noisy measurements. Handcrafted signal priors based on e.g. sparsity are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Tristan S. W. Stevens , Hans van Gorp , Faik C. Meral , Junseob Shin , Jason Yu , Jean-Luc Robert , Ruud J. G. van Sloun

Diffusion models excel at short-horizon robot planning, yet scaling them to long-horizon tasks remains challenging due to computational constraints and limited training data. Existing compositional approaches stitch together short segments…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Yixin Zhang , Yunhao Luo , Utkarsh Aashu Mishra , Woo Chul Shin , Yongxin Chen , Danfei Xu

Most existing theoretical investigations of the accuracy of diffusion models, albeit significant, assume the score function has been approximated to a certain accuracy, and then use this a priori bound to control the error of generation.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Yuqing Wang , Ye He , Molei Tao

Diffusion models have emerged as powerful deep generative techniques, producing high-quality and diverse samples in applications in various domains including audio. While existing reviews provide overviews, there remains limited in-depth…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Ge Zhu , Yutong Wen , Zhiyao Duan

Understanding visual scenes is fundamental to human intelligence. While discriminative models have significantly advanced computer vision, they often struggle with compositional understanding. In contrast, recent generative text-to-image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Yujin Jeong , Arnas Uselis , Seong Joon Oh , Anna Rohrbach

We introduce a novel resampling criterion using lift scores, for improving compositional generation in diffusion models. By leveraging the lift scores, we evaluate whether generated samples align with each single condition and then compose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Chenning Yu , Sicun Gao

Compositionality is thought to be a key component of language, and various compositional benchmarks have been developed to empirically probe the compositional generalization of existing sequence processing models. These benchmarks often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Parikshit Ram , Tim Klinger , Alexander G. Gray

Score-based models have achieved remarkable results in the generative modeling of many domains. By learning the gradient of smoothed data distribution, they can iteratively generate samples from complex distribution e.g. natural images.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Binxu Wang , John J. Vastola

We present a concise derivation for several influential score-based diffusion models that relies on only a few textbook results. Diffusion models have recently emerged as powerful tools for generating realistic, synthetic signals --…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Chicago Y. Park , Michael T. McCann , Cristina Garcia-Cardona , Brendt Wohlberg , Ulugbek S. Kamilov

Machine learning models are increasingly trained or fine-tuned on synthetic data. Recursively training on such data has been observed to significantly degrade performance in a wide range of tasks, often characterized by a progressive drift…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-19 Nail B. Khelifa , Richard E. Turner , Ramji Venkataramanan
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