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Fairness metrics utilizing the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) have gained increasing attention in high-stakes domains such as healthcare, finance, and criminal justice. In these domains, fairness is often…

In recent years, text generation tools utilizing Artificial Intelligence (AI) have occasionally been misused across various domains, such as generating student reports or creative writings. This issue prompts plagiarism detection services…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Ahmed K. Kadhim , Lei Jiao , Rishad Shafik , Ole-Christoffer Granmo

With the advances of deep learning techniques, text generation is attracting increasing interest in the artificial intelligence (AI) community, because of its wide applications and because it is an essential component of AI. Traditional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Lili Mou

Determining whether an algorithmic decision-making system discriminates against a specific demographic typically involves comparing a single point estimate of a fairness metric against a predefined threshold. This practice is statistically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Antonio Ferrara , Francesco Cozzi , Alan Perotti , André Panisson , Francesco Bonchi

Large-scale web-scraped text corpora used to train general-purpose AI models often contain harmful demographic-targeted social biases, creating a regulatory need for data auditing and developing scalable bias-detection methods. Although…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Ayan Majumdar , Feihao Chen , Jinghui Li , Xiaozhen Wang

In this paper, we study the problem of detecting machine-generated text when the large language model (LLM) it is possibly derived from is unknown. We do so by apply ensembling methods to the outputs from DetectGPT classifiers (Mitchell et…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Ivan Ong , Boon King Quek

With the recent proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs), there has been an increasing demand for tools to detect machine-generated text. The effective detection of machine-generated text face two pertinent problems: First, they are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Mazal Bethany , Brandon Wherry , Emet Bethany , Nishant Vishwamitra , Anthony Rios , Peyman Najafirad

Text classification is the process of classifying documents into predefined categories based on their content. It is the automated assignment of natural language texts to predefined categories. Text classification is the primary requirement…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2010-09-28 S. M. Kamruzzaman

Clustering is a fundamental tool that has garnered significant interest across a wide range of applications including text analysis. To improve clustering accuracy, many researchers have incorporated background knowledge, typically in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Chaoqi Jia , Weihong Wu , Longkun Guo , Zhigang Lu , Chao Chen , Kok-Leong Ong

With the launch of ChatGPT, large language models (LLMs) have attracted global attention. In the realm of article writing, LLMs have witnessed extensive utilization, giving rise to concerns related to intellectual property protection,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Ying Zhou , Ben He , Le Sun

The growing popularity of large language models has raised concerns regarding the potential to misuse AI-generated text (AIGT). It becomes increasingly critical to establish an excellent AIGT detection method with high generalization and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Yinghan Zhou , Juan Wen , Wanli Peng , Yiming Xue , Ziwei Zhang , Zhengxian Wu

Inspired by deep convolution segmentation algorithms, scene text detectors break the performance ceiling of datasets steadily. However, these methods often encounter threshold selection bottlenecks and have poor performance on text…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Guiqin Zhao

The rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) necessitates accurate AI-generated text detection. However, current approaches largely overlook the influence of author characteristics. We investigate how sociolinguistic attributes-gender, CEFR…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Jiatao Li , Xiaojun Wan

Recent research has demonstrated the effectiveness of large language models (LLMs) in solving combinatorial optimization problems (COPs) by representing tasks and instances in natural language. However, purely language-based approaches…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Shaodi Feng , Zhuoyi Lin , Yaoxin Wu , Haiyan Yin , Yan Jin , Senthilnath Jayavelu , Xun Xu

Mitigating the disparate impact of statistical machine learning methods is crucial for ensuring fairness. While extensive research aims to reduce disparity, the effect of using a \emph{finite dataset} -- as opposed to the entire population…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-03-28 Xianli Zeng , Guang Cheng , Edgar Dobriban

Inductive transfer learning has greatly impacted computer vision, but existing approaches in NLP still require task-specific modifications and training from scratch. We propose Universal Language Model Fine-tuning (ULMFiT), an effective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-24 Jeremy Howard , Sebastian Ruder

This paper describes AIpom, a system designed to detect a boundary between human-written and machine-generated text (SemEval-2024 Task 8, Subtask C: Human-Machine Mixed Text Detection). We propose a two-stage pipeline combining predictions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Alexander Shirnin , Nikita Andreev , Vladislav Mikhailov , Ekaterina Artemova

This study evaluates $n = 300$ short-form physics essay submissions, equally divided between student work submitted before the introduction of ChatGPT and those generated by OpenAI's GPT-4. In blinded evaluations conducted by five…

Physics Education · Physics 2024-03-11 Will Yeadon , Elise Agra , Oto-obong Inyang , Paul Mackay , Arin Mizouri

ChatGPT brings revolutionary social value but also raises concerns about the misuse of AI-generated text. Consequently, an important question is how to detect whether texts are generated by ChatGPT or by human. Existing detectors are built…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Shuyang Cai , Wanyun Cui

The impressive ability of large language models to generate natural text across various tasks has led to critical challenges in authorship authentication. Although numerous detection methods have been developed to differentiate between…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Xu Zheng , Zhuomin Chen , Esteban Schafir , Sipeng Chen , Hojat Allah Salehi , Haifeng Chen , Farhad Shirani , Wei Cheng , Dongsheng Luo