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Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit impressive capabilities but also present risks such as biased content generation and privacy issues. One of the current alignment techniques includes principle-driven integration, but it faces challenges…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Yi Luo , Zhenghao Lin , Yuhao Zhang , Jiashuo Sun , Chen Lin , Chengjin Xu , Xiangdong Su , Yelong Shen , Jian Guo , Yeyun Gong

Pre-trained large-scale language models (LLMs) excel at producing coherent articles, yet their outputs may be untruthful, toxic, or fail to align with user expectations. Current approaches focus on using reinforcement learning with human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Dehong Xu , Liang Qiu , Minseok Kim , Faisal Ladhak , Jaeyoung Do

This survey reviews how large language models (LLMs) are transforming synthetic training data generation in both natural language and code domains. By producing artificial but task-relevant examples, these models can significantly augment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Mihai Nadas , Laura Diosan , Andreea Tomescu

Large language models (LLMs) have great potential for synthetic data generation. This work shows that useful data can be synthetically generated even for tasks that cannot be solved directly by LLMs: for problems with structured outputs, it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Martin Josifoski , Marija Sakota , Maxime Peyrard , Robert West

Large language models (LLMs) have rapidly advanced and demonstrated impressive capabilities. In-Context Learning (ICL) and Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) are currently two mainstream methods for augmenting LLMs to downstream tasks.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Luohe Shi , Yao Yao , Zuchao Li , Lefei Zhang , Hai Zhao

Generative AI and large language models hold great promise in enhancing programming education by generating individualized feedback and hints for learners. Recent works have primarily focused on improving the quality of generated feedback…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Nachiket Kotalwar , Alkis Gotovos , Adish Singla

The success of Large Language Models (LLMs) is inherently linked to the availability of vast, diverse, and high-quality data for training and evaluation. However, the growth rate of high-quality data is significantly outpaced by the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Ke Wang , Jiahui Zhu , Minjie Ren , Zeming Liu , Shiwei Li , Zongye Zhang , Chenkai Zhang , Xiaoyu Wu , Qiqi Zhan , Qingjie Liu , Yunhong Wang

Despite recent advances, evaluating how well large language models (LLMs) follow user instructions remains an open problem. While evaluation methods of language models have seen a rise in prompt-based approaches, limited work on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Ondrej Skopek , Rahul Aralikatte , Sian Gooding , Victor Carbune

The quality of meeting summaries generated by natural language generation (NLG) systems is hard to measure automatically. Established metrics such as ROUGE and BERTScore have a relatively low correlation with human judgments and fail to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Frederic Kirstein , Terry Ruas , Bela Gipp

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) is a vital strategy for enhancing model capability in language models. However, annotating preference data for RLHF is a resource-intensive and creativity-demanding process, while existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Taiwei Shi , Kai Chen , Jieyu Zhao

Self-Refinement refers to a model's ability to revise its own responses to produce improved outputs. This capability can also serve as a fundamental mechanism for Self-Improvement, for example, by reconstructing datasets with refined…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Yongcheng Zeng , Xinyu Cui , Xuanfa Jin , Qirui Mi , Guoqing Liu , Zexu Sun , Mengyue Yang , Dong Li , Weiyu Ma , Ning Yang , Jian Zhao , Jianye Hao , Haifeng Zhang , Jun Wang

Through alignment with human preferences, Large Language Models (LLMs) have advanced significantly in generating honest, harmless, and helpful responses. However, collecting high-quality preference data is a resource-intensive and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Qingxiu Dong , Li Dong , Xingxing Zhang , Zhifang Sui , Furu Wei

The pursuit of diverse, complex, and large-scale instruction data is crucial for automatically aligning large language models (LLMs). While there are methods capable of generating synthetic instructions at scale, they either suffer from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Chiwei Zhu , Benfeng Xu , Xiaorui Wang , Zhendong Mao

Large language models (LLMs) struggle to consistently generate UI code that compiles and produces visually relevant designs. Existing approaches to improve generation rely on expensive human feedback or distilling a proprietary model. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Jason Wu , Eldon Schoop , Alan Leung , Titus Barik , Jeffrey P. Bigham , Jeffrey Nichols

Training on model-generated synthetic data is a promising approach for finetuning LLMs, but it remains unclear when it helps or hurts. In this paper, we investigate this question for math reasoning via an empirical study, followed by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Amrith Setlur , Saurabh Garg , Xinyang Geng , Naman Garg , Virginia Smith , Aviral Kumar

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable effectiveness across various domains, with data augmentation methods utilizing GPT for synthetic data generation becoming prevalent. However, the quality and utility of augmented data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Zeao Tu , Xiangdi Meng , Yu He , Zihan Yao , Tianyu Qi , Jun Liu , Ming Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable versatility across various domains. To further advance LLMs, we propose 'SELF' (Self-Evolution with Language Feedback), a novel approach that enables LLMs to self-improve through…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Jianqiao Lu , Wanjun Zhong , Wenyong Huang , Yufei Wang , Qi Zhu , Fei Mi , Baojun Wang , Weichao Wang , Xingshan Zeng , Lifeng Shang , Xin Jiang , Qun Liu

Leading open-source large language models (LLMs) such as Llama-3.1-Instruct-405B are extremely capable at generating text, answering questions, and solving a variety of natural language understanding tasks. However, they incur higher…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Anup Shirgaonkar , Nikhil Pandey , Nazmiye Ceren Abay , Tolga Aktas , Vijay Aski

In the multi-turn interaction schema, large language models (LLMs) can leverage user feedback to enhance the quality and relevance of their responses. However, evaluating an LLM's ability to incorporate user refutation feedback is crucial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Jianhao Yan , Yun Luo , Yue Zhang

The capability gap between open-source and closed-source large language models (LLMs) remains a challenge in text-to-SQL tasks. In this paper, we introduce a synthetic data approach that combines data produced by larger, more powerful…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Jiaxi Yang , Binyuan Hui , Min Yang , Jian Yang , Junyang Lin , Chang Zhou
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