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Audio-language pretraining holds promise for general-purpose audio understanding, yet remains underexplored compared to its vision counterpart. While vision-language models like CLIP serve as widely adopted foundations, existing…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-24 Wei-Cheng Tseng , Xuanru Zhou , Mingyue Huo , Yiwen Shao , Hao Zhang , Dong Yu

Autoregressive (AR) large audio language models (LALMs) such as Qwen-2.5-Omni have achieved strong performance on audio understanding and interaction, but scaling them remains costly in data and computation, and strictly sequential decoding…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Jiaming Zhou , Xuxin Cheng , Shiwan Zhao , Yuhang Jia , Cao Liu , Ke Zeng , Xunliang Cai , Yong Qin

Recently, Large Audio Language Models (LALMs) have progressed rapidly, demonstrating their strong efficacy in universal audio understanding through cross-modal integration. To evaluate LALMs' audio understanding performance, researchers…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Han Yin , Jung-Woo Choi

How do two sets of images differ? Discerning set-level differences is crucial for understanding model behaviors and analyzing datasets, yet manually sifting through thousands of images is impractical. To aid in this discovery process, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Lisa Dunlap , Yuhui Zhang , Xiaohan Wang , Ruiqi Zhong , Trevor Darrell , Jacob Steinhardt , Joseph E. Gonzalez , Serena Yeung-Levy

This paper proposes a framework of explaining anomalous machine sounds in the context of anomalous sound detection~(ASD). While ASD has been extensively explored, identifying how anomalous sounds differ from normal sounds is also beneficial…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-30 Tomoya Nishida , Harsh Purohit , Kota Dohi , Takashi Endo , Yohei Kawaguchi

Recent progress in auditory intelligence has yielded high-performing systems for sound event detection (SED), acoustic scene classification (ASC), automated audio captioning (AAC), and audio question answering (AQA). Yet these tasks remain…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-12 Hyeonuk Nam

Reasoning has become a defining capability of modern foundation models, yet its development in the audio modality remains limited. Audio poses challenges that are distinct from those of text and vision. It is continuous, temporally dense,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-21 Zhihan Guo , Wenqian Cui , Guan-Ting Lin , Daxin Tan , Jingyao Li , Qiyong Zheng , Dingdong Wang , Jing Xiong , Han Shi , Jiaya Jia , Irwin King

Audio captioning aims to generate text descriptions of audio clips. In the real world, many objects produce similar sounds. How to accurately recognize ambiguous sounds is a major challenge for audio captioning. In this work, inspired by…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-30 Xubo Liu , Qiushi Huang , Xinhao Mei , Haohe Liu , Qiuqiang Kong , Jianyuan Sun , Shengchen Li , Tom Ko , Yu Zhang , Lilian H. Tang , Mark D. Plumbley , Volkan Kılıç , Wenwu Wang

Recent Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) exhibit impressive capabilities in understanding audio content for conversational QA tasks. However, these models struggle to accurately understand timestamps for temporal localization (e.g.,…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Hualei Wang , Yiming Li , Shuo Ma , Hong Liu , Xiangdong Wang

The maturation of Large Audio Language Models (LALMs) has raised growing expectations for them to comprehend complex audio much like humans. Current efforts primarily replicate text-based reasoning by contextualizing audio content through a…

General audio source separation is a key capability for multimodal AI systems that can perceive and reason about sound. Despite substantial progress in recent years, existing separation models are either domain-specific, designed for fixed…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-24 Bowen Shi , Andros Tjandra , John Hoffman , Helin Wang , Yi-Chiao Wu , Luya Gao , Julius Richter , Matt Le , Apoorv Vyas , Sanyuan Chen , Christoph Feichtenhofer , Piotr Dollár , Wei-Ning Hsu , Ann Lee

The ability of artificial intelligence (AI) systems to perceive and comprehend audio signals is crucial for many applications. Although significant progress has been made in this area since the development of AudioSet, most existing models…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-21 Yuan Gong , Hongyin Luo , Alexander H. Liu , Leonid Karlinsky , James Glass

Evaluations of audio-language models (ALMs) -- multimodal models that take interleaved audio and text as input and output text -- are hindered by the lack of standardized benchmarks; most benchmarks measure only one or two capabilities and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Tony Lee , Haoqin Tu , Chi Heem Wong , Zijun Wang , Siwei Yang , Yifan Mai , Yuyin Zhou , Cihang Xie , Percy Liang

Activity diagrams (ADs) have recently become widely used in the modeling of workflows, business processes, and web-services, where they serve various purposes, from documentation, requirement definitions, and test case specifications, to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2014-09-09 Shahar Maoz , Jan Oliver Ringert , Bernhard Rumpe

The objectives of this work are cross-modal text-audio and audio-text retrieval, in which the goal is to retrieve the audio content from a pool of candidates that best matches a given written description and vice versa. Text-audio retrieval…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-02-11 A. Sophia Koepke , Andreea-Maria Oncescu , João F. Henriques , Zeynep Akata , Samuel Albanie

The Automated Audio Captioning (AAC) task asks models to generate natural language descriptions of an audio input. Evaluating these machine-generated audio captions is a complex task that requires considering diverse factors, among them,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Tsung-Han Wu , Joseph E. Gonzalez , Trevor Darrell , David M. Chan

Music emotion recognition is an important task in MIR (Music Information Retrieval) research. Owing to factors like the subjective nature of the task and the variation of emotional cues between musical genres, there are still significant…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-06-17 Shreyan Chowdhury , Verena Praher , Gerhard Widmer

The increasing success of audio foundation models across various tasks has led to a growing need for improved interpretability to understand their intricate decision-making processes better. Existing methods primarily focus on explaining…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Alican Akman , Qiyang Sun , Björn W. Schuller

Audio captioning is a multi-modal task, focusing on using natural language for describing the contents of general audio. Most audio captioning methods are based on deep neural networks, employing an encoder-decoder scheme and a dataset with…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-07-10 Emre Çakır , Konstantinos Drossos , Tuomas Virtanen

Audio captioning is an important research area that aims to generate meaningful descriptions for audio clips. Most of the existing research extracts acoustic features of audio clips as input to encoder-decoder and transformer architectures…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-04-20 Ayşegül Özkaya Eren , Mustafa Sert