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Smart roads have become an essential component of intelligent transportation systems (ITS). The roadside perception technology, a critical aspect of smart roads, utilizes various sensors, roadside units (RSUs), and edge computing devices to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-18 Rui Chen , Lu Gao , Yutian Liu , Yong Liang Guan , Yan Zhang

High-definition (HD) maps are essential for autonomous driving, providing precise information such as road boundaries, lane dividers, and crosswalks to enable safe and accurate navigation. However, traditional HD map generation is…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Zihan Zhang , Abhijit Ravichandran , Pragnya Korti , Luobin Wang , Henrik I. Christensen

Semantic 2D maps are commonly used by humans and machines for navigation purposes, whether it's walking or driving. However, these maps have limitations: they lack detail, often contain inaccuracies, and are difficult to create and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Paul-Edouard Sarlin , Eduard Trulls , Marc Pollefeys , Jan Hosang , Simon Lynen

Given the current point-to-point navigation capabilities of autonomous vehicles, researchers are looking into complex service requests that require the vehicles to visit multiple points of interest. In this paper, we develop a layered…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-10-06 Yan Ding , Cheng Cui , Xiaohan Zhang , Shiqi Zhang

Building a fully autonomous self-driving system has been discussed for more than 20 years yet remains unsolved. Previous systems have limited ability to scale. Their localization subsystem needs labor-intensive map recording for running in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Alan Sun

Track Mapless demands models to process multi-view images and Standard-Definition (SD) maps, outputting lane and traffic element perceptions along with their topological relationships. We propose a novel architecture that integrates SD map…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Yishen Ji , Zhiqi Li , Tong Lu

Spatial reasoning is a crucial component of both biological and artificial intelligence. In this work, we present a comprehensive study of the capability of current state-of-the-art large language models (LLMs) on spatial reasoning. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Md Imbesat Hassan Rizvi , Xiaodan Zhu , Iryna Gurevych

Understanding terrain topology at long-range is crucial for the success of off-road robotic missions, especially when navigating at high-speeds. LiDAR sensors, which are currently heavily relied upon for geometric mapping, provide sparse…

With their potential to significantly reduce traffic accidents, enhance road safety, optimize traffic flow, and decrease congestion, autonomous driving systems are a major focus of research and development in recent years. Beyond these…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Xu Wang , Mohammad Ali Maleki , Muhammad Waqar Azhar , Pedro Trancoso

The foundational role of datasets in defining the capabilities of deep learning models has led to their rapid proliferation. At the same time, published research focusing on the process of dataset development for environment perception in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Felix Grün , Marcus Nolte , Markus Maurer

Autonomous exploration requires a robot to explore an unknown environment while constructing an accurate map using Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) techniques. Without prior information, the exploration performance is usually…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Ruofei Bai , Hongliang Guo , Wei-Yun Yau , Lihua Xie

Tree-based speculative decoding accelerates autoregressive generation by verifying a branching tree of draft tokens in a single target-model forward pass. However, existing methods prioritize maximizing token-level likelihood or the number…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Lifu Wang , Pan Zhou

Artificial intelligence for autonomous driving must meet strict requirements on safety and robustness. We propose to validate machine learning models for self-driving vehicles not only with given ground truth labels, but also with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-30 Laura von Rueden , Tim Wirtz , Fabian Hueger , Jan David Schneider , Christian Bauckhage

The deployment of autonomous service robots in human-centric environments is hindered by a critical gap in perception and planning. Traditional navigation systems rely on expensive LiDARs that, while geometrically precise, are semantically…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Praveen Kumar , Tushar Sandhan

Recent advances in data-driven models for grounded language understanding have enabled robots to interpret increasingly complex instructions. Two fundamental limitations of these methods are that most require a full model of the environment…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-10-23 Siddharth Patki , Ethan Fahnestock , Thomas M. Howard , Matthew R. Walter

Reliable and accurate localization and mapping are key components of most autonomous systems. Besides geometric information about the mapped environment, the semantics plays an important role to enable intelligent navigation behaviors. In…

Interconnected road lanes are a central concept for navigating urban roads. Currently, most autonomous vehicles rely on preconstructed lane maps as designing an algorithmic model is difficult. However, the generation and maintenance of such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Robin Karlsson , David Robert Wong , Simon Thompson , Kazuya Takeda

The advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly boosted performance in natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, the deployment of high-performance LLMs incurs substantial costs, primarily due to the increased…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Saehan Jo , Immanuel Trummer

Scalable systems for automated driving have to reliably cope with an open-world setting. This means, the perception systems are exposed to drastic domain shifts, like changes in weather conditions, time-dependent aspects, or geographic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-12 Larissa T. Triess , Mariella Dreissig , Christoph B. Rist , J. Marius Zöllner

Lane detection is an essential part of the perception sub-architecture of any automated driving (AD) or advanced driver assistance system (ADAS). When focusing on low-cost, large scale products for automated driving, model-driven approaches…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-25 Thomas Michalke , Di Feng , Claudius Gläser , Fabian Timm